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Jan 1, 1540
Scientific Revolution
Great thinkers, mathematicians and scientists were offered ideas that differed from sociological norms.This took “normal” and flipped it upside down. The scientific ideas were the first ones against religion and this scared people and threw them off. These ideas not only opened people’s eyes, put people in jail, and killed and scared people but these abnormal ideas and scientific thoughts changed the way the world was looked at, understood, and how it was led. -
Triangle Trade
A representation of the success of imperialism and westward expansion of the world. One triangle route began with a British ship that set sail with rum from New England to the African Coast to trade its rum for slaves, then Africa to Jamaica for molasses in exchange for the newly acquired slaves and back to New England to make rum with the molasses. The britain to africa route traded tobacco. Both triangles had a demand for slaves. -
Absolutism
political ideology that encouraged leaders to claim complete control over territory. The “Age of Absolutism” is identified as the years 1660-1789. This started with English monarchy and Louis XIU of France and ended with the French Revolution with Louis XIU as the leader. The significance of this time period could not be stressed enough; the power hungry leaders were in control of everything from taxation to the declaration of war and law making and needed not to answer to anybody.1660-1789 -
Voltaire
Voltaire was a very important individual and was a very special philosophe. He helped start peoples’ idea flow in the Enlightenment and was put in prison for some ideas he expressed. He wrote about his political, religious, scientific, and cultural views; this was new for many people to see someone speaking about ideas that questioned the ‘norm’. Voltaire opened the eyes of many and was scared of none. He was a great Enlightenment role model. -
Art in Chapters 18-20 (18th and 19th centuries)
Art functioned in the 1800’s as media does in modern time. It was extremely influential on the people of European nations, and had the ability to communicate with those who could not read. The art era of Romanticism focused more on the emotion and less on logical reasoning. -
Exploration of the Pacific World
important for European history and history in general. This was an Enlightenment way of thinking; governments sending explorers to find new and unchartered land. This exploration discovered exotic animals, new botany, zoology, and geology. That was a step in the right direction for eastern expansion. -
Napoleon Bonaparte
. As a great military leader he gained a great deal of respect from the people of France. The military led the motion of the revolution and people loved the strong, charismatic Napoleon and elected him to be the head of the country which is very ironic. The revolution was taking place to abolish absolutism and with some success it falls apart when they decide to empower one individual again. This just foreshadows the hardships France will be a part of in the years to come. -
American Revolution
This revolution was brought about by the British mistreatment of the colonies and the lack of representation they were granted in parliament. The Declaration of Independence was created and declared in 1774; finally in 1783, after help from Spain and France to win the Revolutionary War, Britain and the new states finalized the negotiations for peace. -
French Revolution
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=NTMFtLAS90Q&feature=fvstOne fifth of the European population resided in France in 1789. The French were disgruntled with their poor leadership and sub-par quality of life. Learning from the prior revolution by America, the French had their own revolution against the authority in France. This was creating a domino effect and though it was short-lived, it created the mindset to many countries that they may not want an absolutist ruler after all and may want to do something about it. -
Tennis Court Oath
The Tennis Court Oath was a major turning point in the French Revolution. It was the initial sign of unity that the Third Estate had to overcome the poorly constructed government. -
Reign of Terror
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=oL-4pIctRjA&feature=relatedThe Reign of Terror was the most violent stage of the French Revolution. A surge of death represented the control that the experimental governments had over the people. It became a turning point as the king and queen received equal punishment to that of ordinary peasants. No matter which estate a person was in, the guillotine showed no mercy. -
Reign of Terror Cont.
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=GFa1K4ASjac&feature=pyv&ad=3901113013&kw=the%20american%20revolutionrevolution tactic to get everyone on board through fear. This was a time that French citizens found it necessary to kill the people that opposed their revolutionary ideas and to take out the political leaders that didn’t step down. The Committee of Public Safety was a group of 12 individuals that essentially lead the country for the time being. The mass killing of anti revolutionists ended with Luis XVI’s head. The end of the killings made many people happy that didn’t like the tactics and ended -
Industrial Revolution’s new technologies
With these new technologies, industrialization of rural areas became possible. By using the new machinery, small business profited and grew, and jobs were not limited to agriculture as prior to the industrial revolution. -
Middle Class
The middle class was a new concept for the European countries. It was a balance between two radical classes and helped sculpt the majority of what modern day living standards are. -
Idealolgies
The birth of political ideologies was a crucial event in the history of government and politics. Many governments and political parties stemmed from the principles of conservatism, liberalism, and socialism. -
Congress of Vienna
The Congress of Vienna was important in the restoration of Europe. The main objective of the meeting was to reestablish national borders and secure the peace and stability of Europe. -
Railroads
http://www.oneofusfilms.org/wp-content/uploads/2010/01/bx.Railroads...fl_.und1N-edited.jpgTrains impacted the industrial revolution more than any other new technology. Businesses really prospered from railroads as it made trading virtually unlimited. Building the railroads created many new jobs, and the economy strengthened in more ways than one. -
Opium Wars
Broke out in 1839 because the Chinese drug commissioner confiscated 3 million pounds of opium and washed it to sea, and the Chinese also cut off all trade. These options forced Great Britain to start a war with the Chinese. The Britain army over powered the Chinese army. The Chinese signed the treaty of Nanking which opened the way for more opium trade. The Chinese disobeyed the first treaty and started the second opium war. The Chinese were still over powered and forced to sign the treaty -
Women's Roles
As women were severely limited in society prior to chapter 18, the Industrial Revolution saw some of the first opportunities for feminine power. Women became slightly more accepted in the work force, although it was still expected for women and young girls to stay occupied within the home. -
Revolutions of 1848
Also known as the spring of nations. It was the first and only European wide collapse of traditional authority, but within a year the revolutions collapsed. In the smaller German states the Kings and Princes promised freedom of press, elections, expanded suffrage, jury trials and other liberal reforms. The most idealstic stage of the revolution was when representatives from ussia, Austria and the small German States met to discuss a single unified German nation. Italy also tried to have a u -
Crimean War
It was a conflict between the Russian Empire and an alliance of the French Empire, the Britain empire, the Ottoman empire and the Kingdom of Sardinia. This was a fight over the territories of the Ottoman Empire. Most of the war took place on the Crimean Peninsula. It is considered to be the first modern war because of the new technology that was around including railways, the telegraph, and photography. The first war to be documented with written reports and photographs. -
Darwin's Theory of Evolution
Darwin believed that populations evolved over a course of generations through a process of natural selection. Darwin believed the world was governed not by order, harmony, and divine will but by random chance and constant struggle. Darwin was a popular scientist at the time so his findings were taken seriously at the time. Within two decades there was wide spread scientific belief the evolution had occurred -
Occupation of Rome
The occupation of Rome started September 19, 1870. This was the final step for a fully unified Italy. Rome was fully occupied September 21st 1870. After a long process Italy was finally unified. In July of 1871 Rome was announced the capital of the unified Italian kingdom. -
Scramble for Africa
Took place between 1881 and 1914. It was a process of invasion, occupation, colonization, and annexation of African territory by major European powers. In 1875 only 11 percent of the continent was controlled y European hands. By 1902 Europe controlled 90 percent of the continent some parts of Africa tried to fight back but with the invention of machine guns they found it very difficult. -
Second Industrial Revolution
took place towards the end of the 19th century. The second Industrial revolution relied on steel, electricity and chemicals for the inventions. Producing steel cheaply and in large quantities was thought to be impossible, but a new process for refining and mass producing alloy steel came out and steel production soared: In 1879 Thomas Edison and associates invented the incandescent flament lamp which turned electricity into light. This made electricity sky rocket. As for chemicals Britain m -
Bloody Sunday
took place on January 22, 1905 in St Petersburg Russia. It was a massacre of unarmed peaceful demonstrators marched to present a petition to Tsar Nicholas II. The people were gunned down by the imperial guard, This showed the people that the Tsar didn’t care for them. This is to be one of the key events that led to the Russian Revolution. -
October Manifesto
issued on October 17, 1905 by Tsar Nicholas II as a response that the Russian Revolution of 1905. The manifesto pledged to grant civil liberties to the people, and no law can come into force without the consent of the Duma. Tsar Nicholas revoked most of the promises made in the manifesto. The Tsar revoked th Duma, and continued to pass, or veto laws himself. The Tsar also dismissed the first and second Duma. -
Death of Archduke Ferdinand
on june 28,1914, franz ferdinand archduke of austria and heir to the astro-hungarian empire paraded through sarjevo the capitol of bosnia. Sarjevo was an immediatley dangerous place for the head of the hated empire to parade in public. The archduke had escaped an assasination attempt earlier that day, with a bomb barely missing his automobile. His car made a wrong turn and stopped to back up a 19 year old gavrilo princip shot ferdinand and his wife at point blank range. It started WW1 -
World War One
WW1 was a total war from august 1914 to november 1918 involving the armies of Britian, France, and Russia the allies against Germany, Austria-Hungary, and the Ottoman Empire. Also known as the Great War. -
Treaty of Versailles
the treaty of versailles was signed on june 28 1919 this peace settlement ended ww1 and required germany to surrender a large part of its most valuable territories and pay huge reperations to the allies -
Beer Hall Putsch
Beer Hall Putsch was a nazi invasion meeting that included Adolf Hitler and Bavarian leaders and Supporters. Hitler was imprisoned for a year after the event. -
The Great Depression
great depression is the period following the us stock market crash on october 29 1929 and ending in 1941 with americas entry into ww2 -
The Great Terror
The Great Terror was a systematic murder of nearly a million people along with the deportation of another million and a half to labor camps by Stalin's Regime during 1937 in an attempt to consolidate power and remove perceived enemies. -
Kristallnacht
Kristallnacht, the night of broken glass, is the nazi destruction of seventy five hundred jewish synogogues and businesses on november 9, 1938. -
World War Two
In september of 1939 Europe was consumed by another world war. WW2 was a conflict among nations, whole peoples, and fiercly opposing ideals. Some of the main causees of ww2 were rooted in the peace settlement of 1919-1920. -
Attack on Pearl Harbor
•the war became truly global when japan struck the american naval base at pearl harbor hawwaii on the morning of december 7 1941 -
D-Day
Allied forces land at Omaha Beach, Normandy. It became the turning point of the war with the allies pouring in across the continent. -
Germany Surrenders
The city of Berlin is sacked by May 2nd, 1945. The Germans signed an unconditional surrender by May 7th. World War Two was officially over in Europe. -
Atomic Bomb
used on August 6, 1945 on Hiroshima, Japan. The Bomb brought about the surrender of the Emperor and Japan. The bomb was dropped on Nagasaki on August 9. The surrender of Japan ended the war in the Pacific. -
Iron Curtain
term coined in 1946 by Winston Churchill. The term referred to the splitting of Western Europe from the East. The West was under the influence of the Americans, while the East was controlled by the Soviet Union -
FIrst Vietnam War
The French decided to reclaim their colonies after WW2 in 1946. In Vietnam the French were based at Dien Bien Phu where rebels laid siege to the base. This made the French create the Geneva Accords, separating Indochina into Laos, Cambodia, and North and South Vietnam. The war did not end until 1954 -
Korean War
In June 1950, the Communist North Koreans attacked the South. America was allowed to intervene on behalf of the South Koreans to counter the communists. The War continued until June 1953. -
Civil Rights Movement
from 1955-1968, African Americans started a movement aimed to restore their voting rights and to outlaw racial discrimination. This era is well known for Martin Luther King Jr., Rosa Parks, and Malcolm X. -
Fall of the Berlin Wall
the collapse of communism in East Germany in the 1980s brought the unification of the east and west. By November 4, 1989, the government opened its border with Czechoslovakia. In days, ordinary citizens demolished the Berlin Wall that separated the two halves of the city. -
Collapse of the Soviet Union
The central government virtually dissolved overnight, making the 15 different republics of the Soviet Union independent. The destruction marked an end to the Cold War.
