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James Watt perfects steam enigine
James Watt perfected the steam engine into the "modern" version. This increased mining and allowed it to be more successful. The new steam engine pumped water out of mines more efficiently than ever before. -
Reign of King Louis XVI
King Louis was the king of France. He ruled from 1774–1792. His reign included the French revolution and ended with his execution. He was executed by guillotine for treason in 1793. -
American Revolution
The American revolution began with the rebellion of the 13 colonies in 1775. They fought against Great Britain's control until 1787. They finally gained independence from the European powers. -
Spinning Mule Developed
Samuel Crompton developed the spinning mule by 1779. This helped improve the weaving process and increased production. Now severaly types of yarn could be made. -
Simon Bolivar
Simon Bolivar was an important military leader for Latin America. He joinged in the fight for Latin America's independence from Spain. In 1808 he joined the resistance after France invaided Spain. -
French Revolution
The French revolution was trying to create a better, more equal governmental system for France. It grew out of the rising elite class, crop failures, and earlier revolutions. -
Haitain Revolution
The Haitian revolution was caused by unfare slavery, working conditions, and classes in Haiti. The slaves, free colored people, and lower class whites rebelled against the higher status citizens. It was massive internal conflict organized by class and color. This war was the first sucessful slave rebellion, ending in 1804. -
Toussaint Louverture
Toussaint Louverture led the slaves in the Haitian Revolution. He fought against the french and other classes of the revolution. He was successful in leading the slaves, making it the first successful slave rebellion. -
Cotton Gin Developed
Eli Whittney created the cotton gin in 1793. This invention revolutionazed the cotton industry. Less labor was now needed to create the surplus of cotton neeeded for the growing population. -
Reign of Napoleon
Napoleon Bonaparte was a military general who lead the french revolution. His drive for military expansion changed the world. The french revolution was an example for other movements for the future centuries. -
Wars of Independence in Latin America
In 1810, South America was under the control of Spain's Empire. By 1825, the continent had become independent, having won its independence at the cost of deadly wars with the Spanish forces. -
Congress of Vienna
The Congress of Vienna was an assembly that met during Napoleon's reign. The goal was to overthrow Napoleon's reign. They reached this conclusion shortly before the defeat of Napoleon. -
War of Greek Independence
War of Greek Independence lasted from 1821–1832. In this rebellion, Greeks fought for independence against the Ottoman Empire. Greece won and was established as an independent kingdom. -
Opium War
The Opim war lasted from 1839 to 1860. England was exporting opium into China where the lower class population became mostly addicted. China didn't have the internal strength to combat the British import, even thought it was destroying it's society. China made a futile attempt at revolt and lost to it's European opponents, weakening it's central powers even more. -
Unification of Italy
Garibaldi and the legion of Red Shirts, which were Italian democrats fighting for a deomocracy, failed in the attempt to maintain conservative power in Europe. The aristocratic politician, named Camillo di Cavour, finally united Italy under the crown of Sardinia. -
Communist Manifesto Published
The communist manifesto is a short ,1848, publication. Written by the political theorists Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels. Of all the documents of modern socialism, it is the most widely read and the most influential. -
Taiping Rebellion
The Taiping Rebellion lasted from 1850–1864. Led by Hong Xiuquan, it was a radical political and religious upheaval. It was largely influenced by Christian teachings. Hong claimed to have a series of visions, including believing himself to be the son of God and brother of Jesus. -
Unification of Germany
Otto von Bismarck pushed German unification from 1850 to 1871. Siding with Austria, Bismarck attempted to unify the many provinces under the power of Prussia. -
Crimean War
The Crimean war started in October 1853. It was faught between Russians and the British, French, and Ottoman Turkish due to the Russians attempt to protect the Orthodox in the Otoman Empire. It was finally ended by Peace agreements in February 1856. -
Bessemer Process Developed
Bessemer process was the first process discovered for mass-producing steel. It was conceived independently and almost simultaneously by Bessemer and by William Kelly of the United States. -
Sepoy Rebellion
The Sepoy rebellion was a mutiny in India. It failed at freeing India from British rule. This rebellion began in Meerut and spread throughout India. -
Orgin of species published
Origin of the Species was written by Charles Darwin and published on November 24, 1859. He introduced evolution and "survival of the fittest." These ideas had a huge impact around the world and provoced controvery and support. It also justified racism in some colonies. -
Emancipation of Russian serfs
The emancipation of Russian serfs was the result of Alexander II's realization that the feudal system was a burden This resullted in the Crimean War. -
Meiji Resoration
The Meijj Restoration lasted from 1868 to 1912. The restoration was a political reform that occurred because of the Tokagowa Shogunate's decline. The result of this was the modernization and westernization of Japan. -
Suez Canal
The Suez Canal is in Egypt. The canal is 101 mile long and reaches from the Mediterranean Sea to the Gulf of Suez. The first modern attempts to build the canal came when Napoleon Bonaparte when he conducted an expedition to Egypt. -
Berlin West Africa Conference
Berlin West Africa Conference was a series of negotiations from Nov. 15, 1884 to Feb. 26, 1885 in Berlin. The major European nations met to decide all questions connected with the Congo River basin in Central Africa. The conference was necessitated by the jealousy and suspicion with which the great European powers viewed one another’s attempts at colonial expansion in Africa. It was proposed by Portugal to pursue its special claim of control on the Congo estuary. -
Indian National Congress Founded
The Indian National Congress was in control of India's struggle for freedom from Great Britian. The Congress has formed the magority of India's government, ever since India's time of independence. -
Boer War
The Southern tip of Africa had been shared between British colonies and independent republics of Dutch–Afrikaner settlers, known as Boers. In order to escape British rule many Boers had moved north and east from the Cape to settle at the Boer republics of the Orange Free State and the Transvaal. Throughout the nineteenth century tensions were high between Britain and the Boers, and in 1880 to 1881 the two sides fought a war in which the Boers inflicted several costly defeats on the British army. -
Boxer Rebellion
Boxer Rebellion, was a bunch of peasant uprising in 1900 that attempted to drive all foreigners from China. “Boxers” was a name that foreigners gave to the Chinese secret society of “Righteous and Harmonious Fists”. By late 1899 the Boxers were openly attacking Chinese Christians and Western missionaries. A protocol was finally signed in September 1901, ending the hostilities. -
Russo-Japanese War
This was was faught when Japan wanted Russia to withdraw their expansion in the East. Japan was successful, making it the first Asian power to defeat a European power in those modern times. -
All-India Muslim League founded
Muslim League was a political organization of India and Pakistan. It was founded in 1906 as the All-India Muslim League by Aga Khan III. Its purpose was to protect the political rights of Muslims in India. An early leader in the League, Muhammad Iqbal , was one of the first to propose (1930) the creation of a separate Muslim India. -
Henry Ford and assembly line
Henry Ford introduced the first automobile assembly line. This had a large effect in the automobile industry and manufactiring worldwide. The assembly line was an effective way to massproduce goods with low wage labor. -
Panama Canal
The Panama Canal was built in 1914. The project was overseen by the Spanish, who were trying to create a waterway that allowed passage between North and South America.
