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3100 BCE
Early Civilizations
Man needed some way of preserving his cultural heritage, inventing the writing. Appeared the school, with a group of adults, "Teachers." The method of learning was memorization, and the motivation was the fear of physical discipline. Jews establish elementary schools, boys from 6-13 years of age learned math, reading and writing. At age of 13, boys could continue their studies as disciples of a rabbi. -
800 BCE
Ancient Greece
Greeks' goal about education was to prepare the child for adult activities as a citizen. The goal of education in Sparta was to produce soldier-citizens, boys and girls but just boys were obligated to leave home at 7 years old, at 18 both learned the arts of war. And Athens' education was to produce citizens trained in the arts of both peace and war, boys at age of 6-7 attended elementary school but part of their training was gymnastic, they also learned Literature. -
756 BCE
Ancient Rome
Rome conquered Greece. Education took place at home. Parents sent children (boys/ girls) to the Elementary School at age of 6-7, where they studied reading, writing,and counting. at age 13 they studied grammar and literature. The goal of Roman education was to produce a good citizen, "Effective speaker." Latin continued to be the language spoken in commerce, education, etc. -
801
The Middle Ages
It was influenced by the church. Students learned mathematics, calculating religious festivals, and practiced singing as a church services. At age of 7 years old, became an integral part of the adult world. Like the Romans scholars took over the content of Greek education. Education of woman was no longer ignore. it had a rise of universities, teaching grammar, rhetoric, logic, arithmetic, geometry, music, and astronomy. -
1301
The Renaissance
Began in Italy and spread to northern European. education had to develop man's intellectual, spiritual, and physical powers for the enrichment of life. To the seven liberal arts, the humanists added history, physical games, and exercises. School served children from age six. -
1500
The Reformation
The religious conflicts that dominated men's thoughts also dominated the humanistic, curriculum of protestants secondary schools. Protestant emphasized the need for universal education and established elementary schools in Germany where the children of the poor could learn reading, writing, and religion. -
Period: to
Europe
Teachers were incompetent and the discipline cruel. The learning methods were drill and memorization of words. Latin has ceased to be the language of commerce or the exclusive language of religion. One of the educational pioneers was Comenius, and Locke (philosopher). The 18th century- the man was Rousseau, "The child is innately good and the aim of education should be the natural development of the learner". -
United States
The academic that Benjamin Franklin helped found was the first of a growing number of secondary schools. Franklin' academic continued to offer the humanist- religious curriculum, teaching history, geography, merchant accounts, geometry, algebra, surveying, modern languages, navigation and astronomy, too. It characterized virtually all American secondary education. -
19th Century Europe
Education to shape the future of nations as well as individuals. The attitude toward women, was slowly changing.Elementary schools were attended by children of the lower classes until age of 10-11. The usual subject were reading, writing, religion, and arithmetic. The teacher was often poorly informed. Pestalozzi, " Education should be the natural development of the child, and the teacher's job was to guide." Herbart,"Create individual who were part of the sociopolitical community. -
19th Century Europe
Montessori, " Children must be independent of other people as possible." Like Froebel, she believed in the value of self- activity, sense training through the handling of physical objects, and the importance of the child's growth as an individual. -
19th Century United States
America came into its own educationally, free schools for all children, which began with elementary school. Later, the original purpose of high school was to allow all children to extend and enrich their common-education. The high school also became a preparation for collage. "Female academics" established by Emma Willard and Catherine Beecher. People still believed that the mind could be "Trained" but they now thought that science could do a better job.
