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Period: 100 to
SR Timeline
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140
Astronomy - Claudius Ptolemaeus (100 - 170)
In the 100’s, a man named Ptolemy came up with a theory-Ptolemaic system. The Ptolemaic system is the theory that the universe revolves around the Earth. Claudius Ptolemaeus was an Egyptian astronomer. Ptolemy’s work challenged the way people thought about the Earth, while still holding true to certain religious beliefs, by introducing a theory that combines science and religion. This is significant in history because Claudius created the first real theory about the universe. -
1250
Roger Bacon (1220 - 1292)
Was the first monk to question religion, and succeed. He was an English Philosopher. He created a new science and used the system of scientific experimentation to find the truth. This is important because Roger Bacon helped start the Scientific Revolution. He challenged the way people thought because people believed him more - he had proper schooling, and had religion to back him up. People used to believe in religion, and magic as a way to describe how everything happened. Now, there’s science. -
1500
Astronomy - Nicolaus Copernicus (1473 - 1543)
Believed in the Heliocentric system-Sun is the center of the Universe. This was recreated off of Ptolemy's theory-The Earth is the center of the universe. No one believed him, because everyone could see that the sun went around the Earth. This changes the way people thought about the world because since the early 100’s people believed that the universe revolved around the Earth - the Geocentric theory. Copernicus’s theory impacted the world because later two scientists could prove his theory. -
1540
Anatomy - Andreas Vesalius (1514 - 1564)
Vesalius was a renaissance physician who helped create the study of biology, and medicine by his anatomical study of the human body. He dissected and observed, and from that he was able to illustrate the first textbook of anatomy. This is a significant time in history, because they were finally able to correctly assess injuries and find better ways to help people. This changed the way people thought of the world, because everyone was finally informed on the human body and how it works. -
Astronomy - Galileo Galilei (1564 - 1642)
Italian natural philosopher, astronomer, and mathematician. Helped with the fundamentals of motion and astronomy. He went to school to study medicine, mathematics and philosophy. He created a telescope to see father than the eye, proving the Heliocentric theory. Galileo changed the way people thought about the Earth because they debunked Ptolemy’s theory and further proved Copernicus’. This led to further advancements because more people got into astronomy and the study of stars. -
Philosophy - Francis Bacon (1561 - 1626)
Francis Bacon was a lawyer, statesman, and philosopher. He wrote a few dozen essays in which he wrote down his wisdom for others. He wrote about the brain and how it works with information. Francis focused on repeated experimentation to gather facts and evidence about ones thoughts. This challenges the way people think because it encourages them to think out their own brain. This is significant to history because Francis was the first person to write about the brain specifically. -
Astronomy - Johannes Kepler (1571 - 1630)
Johannes Kepler was a German astronomer who discovered three laws of planetary motion. These laws were significant because they proposed a new way for people to think of the Earth. He used models as well as math to further prove Heliocentric theory. Kepler inspired Newton to create laws of motion. This challenges the way people thought about the world because without Kepler doing this research and creating these theories, Newton would’ve never made his three ‘laws of motion'. -
Anatomy - William Harvey (1578 - 1657)
William Harvey was an English physician who was the first to discover the full circulation of blood throughout the heart and body, as well as create experiments to prove it. William worked as a doctor for most of his life, and recorded a book about his findings. This is significant in history because Harvey was the first to document this with evidence, proving himself true. This challenges the way people thought about the world because people are discovering more about their bodies. -
Philosophy - Rene Descartes (1596 - 1650)
Rene Descartes was a French scientist, mathematician, and philosopher. He was one of his first to step away from his religion - he created the first version of mind-body dualism. He used new science through observation and experiments, to create modern day philosophy. This is significant because he created a way for us to combine mind and body. This challenges the way people think because it forces them to look at themselves in a different way. -
Robert Boyle (1627 - 1691)
Robert Boyle was an Anglo-Irish philosopher, and theological writer. He was responsible for founding Chemistry, yet his work covered many more areas including: earth science, history, alchemy, hydrostatics, and physics. Robert was also religious, and translated the scriptures into several languages. This challenges the way people thought because Robert was very religious, but believed in science. This is significant in history because people are being introduced to elemental science. -
Antonie van Leeuwenhoek (1632 - 1723)
Antonie van Leeuwenhoek was a Dutch microscopist. He was the first to discover bacteria, as well as protozoa. He researched small animals, and the generation of bacteria. Antonie helped create the fundamentals for protozoology and bacteriology. This is significant to history because Leeuwenhoek founded something that we experiment with today. This changes the way people think about the world because it introduces organisms smaller than what meets the eye. -
Physics - Isaac Newton (1642 - 1727)
Newton was an English physicist and mathematician. He specifically studied physical optics, including the science of colors. He also created the basic principles about today’s physics. This is the laws of universal gravitation, or ‘Newton’s Laws’ for short. He was also the original founder of calculus. This changed the way people thought because before Newton’s Laws, everyone believed everything happened from God. This is significant because people are being introduced to a new kind of science. -
Philosophy - Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz (1646 - 1716)
Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz was a German mathematician, political adviser, and philosopher. He was responsible for the creation of integral calculus. Gottfried specifically wrote a book that defined the theory of knowledge. This mainly stated the strict relation between God’s ideas and man’s, essentially arguing God’s existence. This is significant to history because it also encourages people to continue with religion. This challenges the way people thought because the church will not banish them. -
Antoine-Laurent Lavoisier (1743 - 1794)
Antoine - Laurent Lavoisier was a French chemist, as well as important figure in the 18th century chemical revolution. He developed and experimental - based theory on the chemical reactivity of oxygen. (Lavoisier named oxygen) Created a modern system for naming chemicals. This challenges the way people thought about the world because they are being introduced to chemical substances. This is significant to history because now people know how chemicals react with oxygen. -
Joseph Priestley (1733 - 1804)
Joseph Priestley was an English clergyman, political theorist, and physical scientist. His work advanced liberal political, as well as religious thought. Joseph also conducted experiments with Chemistry. He is well known in chemistry for gases. Also, he was the founder of oxygen. This changes the way people thought because now, people can understand chemistry better. This is significant in history because along with Joseph founding oxygen, he helped others understand more of what chemistry is.
