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Diana v State Board of Education
Linguistically different students must be tested in their primary language as well as English. Group-administered IQ tests cannot be used to place children in programs for individuals with intellectual disability. Main issue: Class placement -
Mills v. Board of Education of the District of Columbia
Established the constitutional right of children with exceptionalities to a public education, matched to their needs, including specialized instruction, regardless of their functional level. Elaborate due process safeguards established to protect the rights of the child, including parental notification of pending initial evaluation, reassignment, or planned termination of special services.
Main issue: Right to education -
Lau v. Nichols
A milestone case in the field of bilingual education. Required schools to offer special language programs to English learners in order to confer equal educational opportunity.
Main issue: Equal educational opportunity -
Armstrong v. Kline
The court found that some children with disabilities will regress significantly during summer recess and have longer recoupment periods; thus, they are denied an appropriate education if not provided with a year-round education.
Main issue: Extended school year -
Board of Education of the Hendrick Hudson Central School District v. Rowley
Ruled that an appropriate education does not necessarily mean an education that will allow for the maximum possible achievement. Students must be given a reasonable opportunity to learn. An appropriate education is not synonymous with an optimal educational experience.
Main issue: Appropriate education -
Oberti v. Board of Education of the Borough of Clementon School District
Placement in a general education classroom with supplementary aids and services must be offered to a student with disabilities prior to considering more segregated placements. Excluding a learner from the general education classroom necessitates justification and documentation.
Main issue: Least restrictive environment -
Agostini v. Felton
Allowed special educators to provide services to children in parochial schools.
Main issue: Provision of services -
Cedar Rapids Community School District v. Garret F.
U.S. Supreme Court expanded and clarified the concept of related services. Affirmed that intensive and continuous school health care services for a student to attend school, if not performed by a physician, qualify as related services.
Main issue: Related services -
Schaffer v. Weast
Determined whether the parent(s), acting on behalf of their child, must prove that their child's individualized education program (IEP) is inappropriate or whether the school district must prove that the IEP is appropriate. Court ruled that the burden of proof is placed upon the party seeking relief.
Main issue: Burden of proof -
Winkelman v. Parma City School District
Affirmed the rights of parents to represent their children in IDEA-related court cases. Interpreted to mean that IDEA conveys enforceable rights to parents as well as their children.
Main issue: Parental rights
