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Watson vs. Cambridge
Massachusetts court case that made it legal for schools to exclude students due to disabilities or poor academic performance. -
Brown vs. Board of Education
U.S. Supreme Court case that ended segregation and ruled that schools must proved equal opportunity to students regardless of race. -
Elementary and Secondary Education Act
The act called for equal education for all students, although its intention was aimed at students disadvantaged by poverty, it still helped advance the push for special education. -
1973 Rehabilitation Act
Section 504 of the 1973 Rehabilitation Act made it illegal for groups and institutions to discriminate against people with disabilities if they received any federal funding. It established that schools are required to provide a Free And Public Education (FAPE) to all students including those with disabilities. In order to comply with this, law schools are required to develop a 504 plan to provide accommodations, services, and support for students. -
Education for All Handicapped Children Act (EAHCA)
This is an amendment to the 1966 bill. This bill had 4 major provisions.
Requires special education services be provided to students that need them.
Requires that educational decisions for the student are made fairly and in the best interest of the student.
Established management and auditing requirements for special education programs.
Allotted federal funding for said programs.
It also gave parents the right to sue the school if child's needs not being met. -
Board of Education v. Rowley, 1982
Supreme Court Case that specified what constitutes a Free Appropriate Public Education (FAPE) under the requirements of IDEA. -
Individuals with Disabilities Education Act (IDEA)
1975 bill was improved to be more inclusive and specific. Had 6 key points
1) Individualized Education Plans (IEP)
2) Free And Public Education (FAPE)
3) Least Restrictive Environment (LRE)
4) Appropriate evaluation
5) Parent and teacher participation
6) Procedural safeguards -
Americans with Disabilities Act
Made it illegal to discriminate against people with disabilities. Employers must provide reasonable accommodations and buildings must meet accessibility requirements. -
No Child Left Behind Act
All students must be held to high standards. Provided additional funding to struggling districts if certain targets were met. -
IDEA (2004)
The 1990 IDEA law was modified in 2004 to meet the requirements of the No Child Left Behind Act (2002)
The 2004 amendment allows for funds to be used for early intervention for kids that were previously not eligible under the 1990 law. -
Every Student Succeeds Act
Replaced No Child Left Behind Act. Upheld protections for students with disabilities. Removed some of the penalties for teachers that don't meet student testing score targets. Increased access to preschools.
