-
Naturalization Act of 1906
All immigrants have to speak English to become American citizens. The act pushed monolingualism in schools, promoting the loss of Native languages for bilingual students. -
Period: to
Special Education and Bilingual Education Legal Policies
-
The Constitution of New Mexico
The state constitution prohibited the discrimination of Spanish speakers and called the explicit recruitment of Spanish-speaking teachers and bilingual education. -
Brown v. Board of Education
The U.S ruled that it was unlawful to discriminate against a group of individuals for arbitrary reasons, which paved the way for legislation involving children with disabilities and diverse students -
The 1964 Civil Rights Act
The act prohibited discrimination on the basis of race, culture, and country of origin, promoting a more accepting environment for diverse students. -
The 1965 Immigration Act
The act revoked the previous Naturalization Act of 1906 and no longer required citizens to speak English. This made bilingual education more important because many students were entering the classroom with a different native language. -
Elementary and Secondary Education Act of 1965
Authorizes state-run programs for eligible schools and districts to raise the academic achievement of struggling learners and address the challenges for students who live with a disability, mobility problems, learning difficulties, poverty, or who need to learn English. -
Bilingual Education Act 1968
Provided federal funds for bilingual education programs to help students learn English -
Bilingual Multicultural Act of 1973
NM first state to have a bilingual and multicultural education law. The law supports multicultural learners and creates a framework for bilingual education within the state. The law was amended in 2004. -
Section 504 of the Rehabilitation Act 1973
First public law specifically aimed at protecting children and adults discrimination due to disability. -
Individuals With Disabilities Act
Viewed as a "Bill of Rights" for children with exceptionalities and their families. Extended rights to students with linguistic diversity -
Public Law 101-336 Americans With Disabilities Act
The law forbids discrimination against persons with disabilities in both the public and private sectors. -
No Child Left Behind Act of 2001
All students will be able to demonstrate proficiency in math, reading, and science, including students with special needs. The push for standardization damaged the learning of bilingual students and stamped out diverse models of learning -
Individuals With Disabilities Education Improvement Act of 2004
Reauthorization of IDEA that focuses on accountability, ensuring access to education, and better standards for special education. -
ESEA Reauthorization
The Elementary and Secondary Education Act was Reauthorized but under a new lens. The amendments to the act viewed bilingual students as having a deficit and began using the term "English language learner" formally -
The Americans with Disabilities Act Amendments of 2008
This act revises the definition of disability in favor of a broader interpretation to extend the protections of the law. -
Every Student Succeeds Act
This act aims to preserve the spirit and intent of the No Child Left Behind Act while improving some of the flaws and deficiencies. -
Yazzie-Martinez Case
State sued by a group of families because they believed the state was not meeting the needs of diverse students, specifically Native American, and Latino students. It was found that the state did violate students' fundamental rights by failing to provide sufficient public education as required by the state constitution, -
House Bill 111
Provides a framework for multicultural classrooms and environments in response to Yazzie Martinez lawsuit -
House Bill 120
Provides provisions to teacher education preparation programs and promotes continuing education for teachers to ensure teachers learn to interact and teach students of diverse backgrounds -
House Bill 159
Allocates funds and resources to historically disadvantaged groups (Native Americans and Latinos), to ensure access to free and culturally responsive education
