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200
Mesoamerica. Teotihuacan societie (200B.C.E-750C.E.
*By the year 100C.E., the cities two most prominent monuments, the colossal pyramids of the sun and the moon, dominated the skyline -- the pyramid of the sun is the largest single structure in Mesoamerica
*The residents of Teotihuacan built on cultural foundations established by the Olmecs -- They played the ball game, adapted the Olmec calender to their own uses, and expanded the Olmecs' graphic symbols into a complete system of writing. -
Sep 13, 750
South Asia. Establish,ment of firts Aryan cities in the ganges valley (750B.C.E)
*Population became so dense in northern India that some Aryans decided to move along and seek their fortunes elsewhere.
*As they settled into permanet comminities and began to rely more on agriculture than herding, the Aryans gradually lost the tribal political organization that they had brought into India and evolved more formal political institutions.
*They dircted the affairs of small republics - states governed by rpresentives of the cities. -
Sep 13, 1200
Mesoamerica. Olmec societies. (1200--100B.C.E)
*Olmec cultural traditions influenced all complex societies of Mesoamerica untill the arrival of European peoples in the sixteenth century C.E,
*Many scholars believe that the olmecs delibrately destroyed their capitals, perhaps because of civil conflicts or doubts about the effectiveness and legitimacy of the ruling class. -
Mesopotamia. Reign of Hammurabi (1792-1750B.C.E.)
*Hammurabi styled himself "King of the four quarters of the word."
*Hammurabi developed a more effcient and predictable government than his precedssors and also spread it's coast more evenly over the population.
*Hammurabi sought to maintain his empire by providing it with a code of law -- Hammurabi's law established high standards of behavior and stern punishment for violators. -
Africa: Eastern Sudan
*after about 9000 B.C.E the peoples of eastern sudan domesticated cattle and became nomatic herders
*after 6500 B.C.E they began to cultivate gourds,watermelons,and cotton -
East Asia: Xia (2200-1766 B.C.E)
*made one of the first efforts to to organize public life in china
*hereditary states that extended their contol over prgresslivley larger reigons
*a figment of anncient imaginations -
East Asia: Yangshao dynasty (5000-3000 B.C.E)
*located in the middle of the yellow river valley
*well known from the discovery in 1952 of an inire neolithic village at Banpo -
East Asia: Zhou Dynasty (1122-256 B.C.E)
*historical ruling house -
East Asia: Shang Dynasty (1766-1122 B.C.E)
*like Xia dynasty they had hereditary states that extnded their control ober progressivley larger reigions -
Mesopotamia. Reign of sargon of Akkad (2334-2315B.C.E.)
*Sargon transformed his capitol (Akkad) into the walthiest, most powerful city in the world.
*His armies had ventured as far afield as the Mediterranean and Black sea.
*By about 2150B.C.E. Sargon's empire had collapesed altogether. -
Afriaca: Nubia (est. 2000 B.C.E)
*a prosperous but sophisticated society
*closley intertwinded with Egypt -
South Asia. Harappan societie. (2500-200B.C.E)
*The water and sewage systems of Mohenjo-daro (in Harappan) were among the most sophisticated of the ancient world, and they represented a tremendous investment of community resources.
*Harappan religion reflected a strong concern for fertility -- they reconized a mother goddest and a horned fertility god,and they held trees and animals sacred bcause of their associations with vital forces.
*Harappan dieties and religious beliefs intrigued migrants to india and found a home in new societies. -
africa; Ta-seti (3400-3200 B.C.E)
*extended its rule north of the niles first cataract into egypt
