-
Period: to
Isabel II
Isabel's reign was not easy: 2 carlist wars and political conflicts between the parties. Finally General Prim sent her into exile to France. -
Period: to
Provisional Government
General Prim started looking for a new monarch. In 1869 the provisional government established a Constitution, very similar to the Constitution of 1812. -
Period: to
Amadeo I de Saboya
Finally the Italian Duke, Amadeo, accepted the spanish throne. But it was an unstable period: his main supporter, General Prim, was assassinated the day he became King, the Cuban colony revolved, there was a third Carlist war... He left the throne after two years. -
Period: to
First Republic
The Parliament stablished the first Republic. But it was an unstable period, with 4 presidents in just 11 months. Finally General Pavia organised a coup d'etat to end the Republic. -
Period: to
Restoration: Alfonso XII
Alfonso XII, son of Isabel II, became the King of Spain. He was a constitutional monarch: he approved a Constitution in 1876 and the turno pacífico (Liberals and Conservatives exchanged power). -
Period: to
Restoration: Alfonso XIII
Alfonso XII died young so his wife, María Cristina, ruled as regent until their son, Alfonso was 16 years old and became the King Alfonso XIII.
But it was not easy: Spain lost the remaining colonies, there was a war in Morocco... -
Period: to
Primo de Rivera's dictatorship
General Primo de Rivera organised a coup d'etat. Alfonso XIII supported him so he suspended the Constitution and became a dictator.
But he was not a good leader and he lost all support, so Alfonso XIII forced him to resign. -
Period: to
Second Republic
Republicans won the elections, abolished the monarchy and declared the Second Republic.
They wrote a Constitution that allowed the vote of women and limited the power of the Church and the nobles, so these groups, the militaries and some workers were against the Republic. -
Period: to
The Civil War
General Francisco Franco was the leader of a military takeover of the Republic and the Civil War began.
Spain was divided into two sides: the Republicans (support the Republic) and the Nationalists (support Franco).
In the end, the Nationalists won. -
Period: to
Franco's dictatorship
Franco established a dictatorship, that has 3 periods:
1. Spain was isolated and had to survive self-sufficiently. There were difficult years: unions, freedom of the press and strikes were prohibited, republicans were persecuted, there was few food so people had ration books with the quantity of 1st necessity goods they could buy.
2. In the 1960s, Spain started to develop economically because is not isolated anymore.
3. Franco dies, so the dictatorship ends. -
Period: to
Transition
Juan Carlos (Alfonso XIII's grandson) becomes the King of Spain and established a constitutional monarchy. Adolfo Suárez was the President and he:
- release the political prisoners
- allowed the right to strike and form unions
- allowed all political parties
- allowed the elections of 1977.
In 1978, the current Spanish Constitution was approved.