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All of Spain was put under control of the Roman Empire in 19BCE. So most of Roman laws, customs, religion and ways of life where used by the Spanish. Because of that the ways of life for the Spanish peoples changed drastically to more of a Roman style of living.
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The Visigoths take over a lot of Spain. This event is important because it took the first significant step to self-identity. The Spanish inherited some words and how to say words from the Visigoths which still influences some words they speak today.
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The Moors invade Spain and name it al-Andalus. It lead to the Umayyad conquest of the Hispania. It also introduced many new crops like cotton.
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The Reconquista by the Christians to retake Spain. They did this to reclaim land taken by the Muslims. It was also important because the religion changed to Catholicism.
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In 1137 the kingdom of Aragon is formed. The kingdom of Aragon is one of the most important kingdoms to Spain. Aragon was established to be an independent kingdom.
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Isabella | and Ferdinand || where married. This was important because this created the basis of the de facto unification of Spain. There influence spread wider then just their kingdoms.
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The Spanish Inquisitions began. For over 300 years it pushed aggressively to repress the monarchy saw as heresy. It pursued its mandate Spain, Portugal and across the Spanish colonies, including Mexico.
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Isabella and Ferdinand become queen and king and the kingdom of Spain is formed. This is important since this started the first kingdom of Spain. It also contributed in creating the basis of the de facto unification of Spain.
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Queen Isabella sponsors Christopher Columbus. Christopher finds the "New World" which greatly helps Spain since they sponsored him. The kingdom of Spain has more riches because of Christopher.