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The outbreak of the civil war
After the victory of the Popular Front in the elections of that same year, a group of generals took advantage of the situation and hatched an insurrection against the republican government; Generals Sanjurjo, Mola and Franco stood out among them. Finally, this collusion led to the uprising of July 18, especially triumphing in Galicia, Navarra, Seville, the Balearic Islands and the Canary Islands. -
Accession of Italy and Germany to the Non-Intervention Committee
The Civil War brought Spain to the forefront of the world scene and thus generated a division in international public opinion. France and Great Britain promoted a policy of non-intervention in the face of this war, to which up to 27 European countries, including the USSR, Italy and Germany, joined. However, this committee was useless and inoperative. The rebel side received support from Germany, Italy and Portugal, while the republican army was protected by the USSR and Mexico -
Start of the fighting in Madrid
After the conquests of Badajoz, Talavera and Toledo, the nationals prepared to conquer Madrid and win the war. The republican government had escaped and left behind a Defense Board with few means and possibilities of success. The Francoist army managed to conquer the Casa de Campo and cross the Manzanares River, however, it could not continue due to the intense resistance of the republican army. -
Execution of 19 people linked to the National Confederation of Labor
The execution of "Los 19" is the most important of those that took place in the Canary Islands after the coup d'etat against the legitimate Government of the Republic in July 1936. One of "Los 19" was Miguel González, a member of the CNT, which eventually led to him being shot. -
Bombardment of Guernica
The small town of Guernica was bombarded for more than three hours by German aviation. More than 1,600 victims perished in the bombardment. Hitler, an ally of General Franco in the Spanish civil war, wanted to terrorize the civilian population and make it easier for the Basque people to surrender and facilitate the taking of the Basque country. -
Beggining of the Battle of the Ebro
After receiving new weapons from the USSR and reorganizing its troops, a large-scale attack was organized from Catalonia on the Ebro river, in the province of Tarragona. The Ebro army crossed the river the night of July 24 to 25, 1938, between Benifalles and Mequinenza, conquering towns such as Asco and Mora, among others. -
Promulgation of the Law of Political Responsibilities
Faced with the inevitable defeat of the republican army, the first government of the Franco dictatorship began to draft a series of laws, which were later used to support its ideology. Specifically, this norm will protect the postwar repression against all those who would have supported the legitimacy of the Second Spanish Republic. -
Ocupation of Madrid
In early March the criterion of maintaining resistance defended by the president of the republican government, Juan Negrín, failed, due to the creation in Madrid of the National Defense Council. This body, headed by Colonel Segismundo Casado, dismissed Negrín and tried to reach an honorable peace with the Francoist government of Burgos after taking control of Madrid through a bloody confrontation. -
End of the Spanish Civil War
After the fall of Catalonia, the government moved to the central area. Differences between Republicans precipitated the end of the war. In March 1939 Colonel Casado staged a coup in Madrid and the Republicans surrendered. On March 28, the national army entered Madrid, and in three days it occupied the rest of the country. On April 1, 1939, Franco signed the statement that the war was over. -
Farewell to the International Brigades in Barcelona
Before the bloody number of deceased brigade members, the republican army announced the withdrawal of all the foreign soldiers who were fighting on its side, hoping that the Francoist army would do the same. Thus, a month later, the brigades paraded for the last time in Barcelona, led by Azaña and Negrín.
