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The Sandhurst manifiesto
Through the political manoeuvring of Antonio Cánovas del Castillo, the leader of the future Conservative Party, which helped achieve Queen Isabela ll´s abdication in favour of her son Alfonso Xll, the support of the bourgeoisie and the army, anxious for political stability. Cánovas wrote a manifiesto, signed in Sandhurst, where he promised a constitutional goverment. -
Period: to
The Bourbon Restoration
The period of Restoration
How the political system worked
-Constitution of 1876
-Rotation of political parties
Internal problems
-Opposition of turnismo
-Labour movement
-Regionalism and local nationalism
The crisis of 1898 -
Constitution of 1876
Was a moderate constitution, flexible enough to allow any party to govern without the need to change it. It established a broad range of rights, which could be restricted depending on the goverening party. It also shared sovereignity between the Cortes and the King, and established suffrage, which could either be universal or limited depending on the party in power. -
Fundation of the PSOE
The Spanish Socialist Worker´s Party (PSOE) was founded by Pablo Iglesias in 1879 and was consolidated by the huge surge in the labour movement durnig this period. -
Bases de Manresa
Catalan nationalism demanded official status for the catalan languaje, the establishment of Catalan political parties and courts, and Catalan autonomy. Its proposals were declared in the Bases de Manresa, written by Prat de la Riba. -
Fundation of PNV
Basque nationalism, driven by Sabino Arana, was Catholic and conservative, and defended regional charters and traditions. In 1897, the Basque Nationalist Party (PNV) was founded. -
The war between Spain and USA
The loss of the last Spanish colonies began with an uprising in Cuba in 1894, known as the 'grito de Baire', or 'call for revolution', and a revolt in the Philippines in 1896.The uprisings were a result of poor economies in both colonies and Spain's refusal to grant the colonies more autonomy.The rebels had the support of the United States. The US declared war on Span. Spain was forced to sign the 1898n Treaty of Paris, where they recognised the independence of Cuba, Puerto Rico and Philippines. -
Period: to
The reign of Alfonso XIII
The reign of Alfonso XIII
-The continued practice of party rotation
-The crisis of the Cánovas system
Dictatorship and the end of the monarchy -
The Algeciras Conference
The treaty signed at the Algeciras Conference (1906) divided Morocco in two protectorates: one in the north of Morocco under French control and the other in the south under Spanish control. -
The Tragic Week
Spanish occupation of its protectorate led to a war with the inhabitants of the Rif; a war that in 1909 required reservists to be called up, the majority of whom were fathers. This set off violent protests in Barcelona, which became known as the Tragic Week of 1909. The harsh repression by Maura's conservative government caused the liberals to break their pact of rotation with him. -
Disaster at Annual
Spain suffered a brutal defeat in the Rif War against Morocco, resulting in 10.000 deaths and widespread public commotion, negatively influencing public opinion. -
Period: to
Dictatorship of Primo de Rivera
Military Directory: He suspended the constitution, dissolved the cortes, prohibitied political parties, supressed the labour movement and defeated the Moroccans after the Alhucemas landing (1925)
Civil Directory: Military victory in Morocco and the economic boom of the 1920's helped Primo de Rivera mantain power until 1930 -
Municipal elections
Alfonso XIII tried to go back to the parliamentary system, first with the government of General Dámaso Berenguer and later with Admiral Aznar. The citizens disapproval of the kins support of the dictatorship led to significant Republican victories. -
Period: to
The Second Republic
The Republic and the Constitution of 1931
Reformist Biennium: Period of reforms
-Political reforms
-Military reforms
-Economic reforms
-Social reforms
-Cultural reforms
Conservative Biennium
-Elections in 1933
-October revolution of 1934
-February elections of 1936
-Popular Front
The Popular Front (Feb-Jun 1936) -
Period: to
The Spanish Civil War
Military uprising
The stages of the war
Evolution of the Republicans and insurgents
-The Republican zone
-The Nacionalist zone
The war's repercussions
Demographic evolution
Evolution of the economy
Society and its conflicts -
The bombing of Guernika
The war then moved to the Cantabrian coast and involved harsh battles, as reflected by the bombing of Guernika by the German air force's Condor Legion. The German air force enabled the insurgents to control key industrial and mining areas.