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Explorer 1: The first US satellite (Measure the radiation environment in the orbit of Earth)
It was a USA project and it was made to measure the radiation in the orbit of Earth.
Explorer 1 was unique as it was the first US Satellite.
Unofficially Explorer 1 begun to be planned around 1952/53. However, only on Jul/55 the US president announced their intention to launch it.
Explorer 1 made its’ final transmission on May/58 and was destroyed after re-enter in the Earth’s atmosphere on Mar/70.
https://www.nasa.gov/feature/60-years-ago-explorer-1-becomes-america-s-first-satellite -
First women in space:The purpose of the mission was to orbit earth and collect data
The first woman to travel in space was Soviet cosmonaut, Valentina Tereshkova. The mission was executed by Soviet union.On 16 June 1963, Tereshkova was launched on a solo mission aboard the spacecraft Vostok 6. After 48 orbits and 71 hours in space, she returned to the atmosphere. She achieved this feat just two years after Yuri Gagarin was the first man in orbit.
https://www.history.com/this-day-in-history/first-woman-in-space -
Aryabhata- India's first satellite: The purpose was to study conditions in the Earth's ionosphere, detecting neutrons and gamma rays from the Sun, and performing X-ray astronomy investigations.
The satellite was designed and constructed by India but launched by Russian-made rocket from the Soviet Union in 19
April 1975. Aryabhata weighed 360
kilogrammes. The scientific instruments had to be turned off in space on the fifth day due to a malfunction
of the electrical power grid of the satellite. However, valuable information was gathered
during the five days of service.
https://www.lowyinstitute.org/the-interpreter/aryabhata-remembering-india-s-first-satellite#: -
Falcon 1: The first rocket manufactued by SpaceX (the beginning of the development of a low-cost commercial space launches)
Falcon 1 was created by a private company SpaceX to develop low-cost commercial space launches.
Falcon 1 was unique as it is the 1st rocket manufactured by SpaceX. The project funds came from an electronic payment launched by the founder in 2002, and the 1st flight was schedule to be on 2004 but because of some development delays it happened just on 2006. Falcon 1 was retired on 2009.
https://www.nasa.gov/audience/foreducators/rocketry/imagegallery/rpd_spaceX.jpg.html -
1. Mars Orbiter Mission
This project was created to research the mar's orbit speed. It was studying the upper air layer of Mars. It contains the start date and end date of the process and also mentions that it was a cheap project among all projects which makes it unique and the start and end date makes it temporary and considers it as a project.
https://www.indiatvnews.com/fyi/5-years-of-mangalyaan-india-s-mars-orbiter-mission-here-s-all-you-need-to-know-552094 -
2. Mariner Program
This project was started in the year 1962 and it was created to research the Mercury and Venus planet. It has also microwave radiometer, Infrared radiometer, and Particle detector. It contains the start date and end date of the process and also mentions that it keeps data of both planets, Mercury, and Venus, among all projects which make it unique and the start and end date makes it temporary so it was known as project.
https://www.nasa.gov/mission_pages/mariner
