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Sputnik/Gemini/Mercury Programs
Sputnik, Mercury, and Gemini were involved
NASA was also involved
Sputnik was the first satellite sent into orbit
U.S first man in space program
It occured in Moscow, Russia and U.S.
The sputnik was launched October 4, 1957
Mercury 1958-1963
Gemini January 3, 1962 was first established -
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Mariner Program
NASA was the company running the program
It was an interplanetary probe to capture pictures of mars, mercury, and Venus
Cost $554 million dollars
Was ran and launched from NASA headquarters
First mariner was launched July 22, 1962
Last mariner launched May 30, 1971
All mariners launched between a 9 year span
NASA wanted to be the first to obtain pictures of mars, mercury, and Venus
NASA developed right technology they needed to get the mariner to be able to launch -
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Venera Probes
The Soviet Union was involved
Spacecraft’s that were sent out to explore Venus
The venera probe was on Venus
The project lasted from 1961-1983
16 probes were sent out
12/15/1970 first probe to send signals from the surface
Sent to Venus to explore the atmosphere and the surface of Venus
Probes had special scientific attachments
Designed to float atop Venus’s oceans
3 out of 16 Venera probes failed -
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Space stations
Theory of how a “brick moon” came to orbit earth to help ships navigate at sea
1971 First space station to orbit
1973 Second space station to orbit
1986 third space station to orbit
1998 ISS launched and joined the other in orbit
15 nations currently operating on it (U.S, Russia, Canada, Japan, ESA)
Test specimens of protein crystals for safety regulations in a less risky environment
February 24, 2011 The ISS was completed -
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Viking probes
People involved were NASA and James martin
NASA sent two probes up to mars
The project started in 1968
Viking 1 was launched on August 20, 1975 and arrived at mars on June 19, 1976
The project officially ended on November 13, 1982
Cost was $2 billion dollars
First time we landed on mars was this mission
We found no proof of life ever being there
Type of climate on mars
We learned things about our planets such as how similar rock is on mars as on earth
The mission occurred on Mars, and the two pr -
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Voyager
Nasa was mainly involved with the mission
Nasa deployed a space probe on September 5 1977
It costed $250 million
The entire event took place in space
The voyager 1 was deployed on September 5, 1977 and is still in space
This happened because NASA wanted to extend their knowledge of space beyond the area of the suns sphere
The voyager 1 has 3 large radioisotope
About 11,000 work years were put into the project -
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Space Shuttle
NASA and astronauts were involved
There were t space shuttles
The space shuttle launched at Kennedy Space center
First flight was April 12, 1981
Last flight July 21, 2011
They created a space shuttle to explore unknown areas of space
Space shuttles were launched vertically -
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Galileo Spacecraft
Thousands at scientists and engineers on earth and NASA
Recorded information about Jupiter and its moons
Cost $1.6 billion dollars
Took 14 years
NASA Jet propulsion
October 1989 to September 2003
October 19, 1989 Launched to Jupiter
Spacecraft was designed to handle extreme heat and extreme cold
All data was sent back as binary code -
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Hubble Space telescope
NASA and European space agency created the Hubble
Cost $1.5 billion
Info we have gained is planets, birth and death of stars
U.S. and Europe were involved
Launched By NASA April 24th 1990
Each month, Hubble generates more than 360 gigabytes of data -
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N.E.A.R Mission
The near mission was launched February 17, 1996
Entered orbit around February 14, 2000
February 28, 2001 the last call to earth was made
The spacecraft was designed to study near earth
Spacecraft was equipped with an X-ray/gamma ray spectrometer
Dr. Andrew Cheng was the project scientist
This was one of the first NASA discovery missions
Took place at john Hopkins University -
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Cassini Mission
NASA and a total of 17 countries were involved
Cassini was made to explore Saturn and its biggest moon titian
The cost of Cassini was $3.3 billion
The mission was all over the solar system but mostly on Saturn’s moon titian
Cassini launched October 15th, 1997
Cassini will go until September 2017
Cassini was made to verify the 3D structure of Saturn’s rings and the behavior of the rings
Equipment was supplied by many European countries
Cassini was 22 ft. high
Cassini is one of the largest interpl -
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Genesis spacecraft
Nasa started this Project.
It was made to collect solar wind.
The scientist at NASA built the genesis spacecraft. -
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Mars exploration rover
Two rovers sent to determine the possibly of life/water on mars
Launched on June 10, 2003 and July 7, 2003
Landed on mars- January 4 and 24 of 2004
Built and experiment at NASA
Investigation took place on Mars
Searching for water on mars
The had experimented on the rovers on earth