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Period: Jan 1, 1400 to
Renaissance Art
In the Renaissance period, there were new ways to make paintings using perspective, vanishing points, and frescoes. Making art in the Renaissance led the population to gain wealth and expressed different techniques in order to make art more realistic. -
Oct 6, 1434
Cosimo de' Medici takes over Florence
Cosimo de' Medici took control of Florence in 1434. When he was in charge, Florence started to prosper and exceed other countries in the Balance of Power. Cosimo de' Medici also sponsored many expensive pieces of art and architecture. -
1440
Gutenberg Printing Press
The Printing Press was invented by Johannes Gutenberg in order to make written books more available. This invention boosted the average literacy rate because it was more affordable to have books that could be typed, instead of handwritten. The Printing Press also accelerated the quickness of sharing knowledge, so people would know messages quicker instead of it being prolonged. -
Period: Jan 1, 1478 to
Spanish Inquisition
The Spanish Inquisition was set up to punish heretics in Spain. It resulted in a compelled conversion, execution, or exile of Spanish Jews, Muslims, and Protestants. In the end, it was successful and many non-Catholic people were rooted out in Spain. -
Period: Aug 22, 1485 to
Tudor Reign
The Tudor Monarchs included Henry VII, Henry VIII, Edward VI, Jane Grey, Mary I, and Elizabeth I. Henry VIII broke away from the Catholic church to start Anglicanism, Edward VI created the "Book of Common Prayer", Mary burned over 300 protestants, and Elizabeth was queen during the Spanish Armada. -
Mar 12, 1488
Bartholomew Dias discovered Africa ends
On March 12, 1488, Bartholomew Dias rounded the tip of South Africa. This was important because it opened up a route for Portugal to go through in order to get to Asia for spice. He also identified "The Cape of Good Hope" near South Africa - yet the name was mainly to throw off other countries thinking that it was easy to pass through. Its original name was "The Cape of Terrible Storms." -
Period: Jan 1, 1492 to
The Spanish Golden Age
The Spanish Golden Age was a result of Hernán Cortés and Francisco Pizzaro conquering the Aztecs and Incas during this Conquest in the New World. This allowed the Spanish to have their renaissance period with flourishing art and masterpieces. -
May 7, 1494
The Treaty of Tordesillas
The Treaty of Tordesillas was a treaty between the Spanish and Portuguese that made a Line of Demarcation. Portugal owned everything from Brazil and east of the line from Africa, Europe, Asia, and most of Australia. Spain owned everything west of the line from the western border of Brazil to Australia. This included Both the Americas (except Brazil) and some of Australia. The treaty was important because it divided the world equally, so there wouldn't be any fighting between Spain and Portugal. -
May 20, 1498
Vasco da Gama's voyage to India
Vasco da Gama was the first to sail to Calicut, India to get spices for Portugal. He made 65 million dollars worth of spices from India by importing them to Europe because they were so scarce there. This was important because it led to Portugal winning the arms race of breaking the balance of power between all the countries in Europe. Portugal was also in a state of prosper because of Vasco da Gama's voyage. -
Apr 22, 1500
Pedro Cabral discovers Brazil
Pedro Cabral was sailing for the best route around Africa, but he accidently sailed too far west. He landed in today's "Brazil" realizing that it was not India. His establishment of Brazil was the only country in South America that was able to be kept as a part of Portugal's land when the Pope drew the Line of Demarcation. -
Oct 31, 1517
The 95 Theses
The 95 Theses was a series of 95 reasons Martin Luther came up with that stated why the Catholic Church was corrupt. This event is important because it started the Protestant Reformation and led Luther to win the Diet of Worms debate about indulgences. -
Sep 20, 1519
Ferdinand Magellan's Voyage
Ferdinand Magellan was the first to sail around South America and was the first to circumnavigate the world. He discovered the Strait of Magellan in Chile and found out that it was possible to sail around South America to reach the Pacific Ocean. -
Jan 28, 1521
Diet of Worms
The Diet of Worms was in Worms, Germany when Luther was called by Charles Hapsburg for a trial about indulgences. Luther won the debate because Charles had no evidence that indulgences were a part of the bible. This impacted people later on because they didn't have to use all of their money in order to "save someone from purgatory." -
Aug 13, 1521
The Aztecs were Conquered by Hernán Cortés
Hernán Cortés, a conquistador from Spain, marched through modern day Mexico and conquered the Aztecs there. This brought Spain another territory in the Americas, but a small pox and measles epidemic started to form there. -
May 23, 1533
Henry VIII gets an Annulment
Henry VIII fought the Pope to get an Annulment from Catherine de Aragon because she gave birth to a girl. He was granted an annulment from Archbishop Thomas Cranmer, which later caused Bloody Mary to burn heretics. This led Elizabeth and many reigns after her to rule as Anglican because they saw the consequences of being a Catholic leader. -
1534
Birth of Anglicanism in England
The Birth of Anglicanism in England was due to Henry VIII breaking away from the Catholic Church because they wouldn't grant him an annulment against Catherine de Aragon. Anglicanism ruled and carried on in reigns after Henry VIII. There was a Civil War between the Cavaliers (who were Anglican) and the Roundheads (who were Calvinists). -
Apr 20, 1534
Jacques Cartier discovers Canada
In April of 1534, Jacques Cartier wanted to find a North Western passage to Asia, when he discovered Canada instead. This discovery led France to have wealth because they profited by selling fur from animals in Canada. -
Period: Jan 1, 1545 to
Counter-Reformation
The Counter-Reformation was an effort to make Catholicism more popular in Geneva. The Council of Trent said nice things about Catholics and wanted to ban indulgences. The Inquisition said bad things about others, made heretics feared upon, and punished heretics for letting the Bubonic Plague happen -
Jan 15, 1549
Edward VI and Thomas Cranmer Created The Book of Common Prayer
The Book of Common Prayer was about how Anglicans worshiped -
Sep 25, 1555
Peace of Augsburg
The Peace of Augsburg accepted the division of Lutheranism and Catholicism in Germany. It ended conflicts between Charles V and German princes. -
Aug 24, 1572
Bartholomeus's Day Massacre
Bartholomeus's Day Massacre was when Catholics directed a violent mob to kill Huguenots because of the religious tension between Protestants and Catholics. It was important because it created even more tension between the Huguenots and Ultra-Catholics and 70,000 protestants in France were killed because of the Massacre. -
Dec 15, 1577
Francis Drake's Exploration
Francis Drake worked for England to circumnavigate the world after Magellan while robbing Spanish ships on the way. He made a lot of money for England by robbing their ships and he bankrupted the Spanish by burning their ships in the Spanish Armada. -
Spanish Armada
The Spanish Armada was a planned attack on England by Spain. The mission failed, and now Spain was no longer the wealthiest country, but England took the place of the richest country in Europe. Spain used all of its money on ships and military, but many of its ships sank and the military died due to Francis Drake. -
The Edict of Nantes
The Edict of Nantes was made by Henry of Navarre in order to make Catholicism to official religion of France, but it gave Huguenots the rights to worship and enjoy political privileges. It was important because it stopped the tensity between Huguenots and Catholics and gave people the option to be either religion unlike Bloody Mary. -
Dutch East India Company is Formed
The Dutch East India Company was a stock company in the East Indies that was given total sovereignty and had crowd-sourcing expeditions. It was a monopoly over the spice trade for the Netherlands and made them very opulent. -
Period: to
Stuart Reign
The Stuart Reign included James I, Charles I, Charles II, and James II. James I faced resistance, Charles I caused a war with Scotland and a Civil War, Charles II was restored after the commonwealth, and James II was called against to be conquered by the Dutch. (William and Mary) -
Period: to
30 Years War
The 30 Years' War first involved the struggle between Catholic forces and Calvinist nobles in Bohemia. All major European powers were involved except England. The struggle between France, Spain, and the Holy Roman Empire for European leadership was important. The Peace of Westphalia ended the war in Germany. -
The English Civil War
The English Civil War was between Charles I's supporters (Cavaliers) and his anti-supporters (Roundheads). He believed in Divine Right, which meant that he was handpicked by god to be king. He levied taxes without Parliament's consent and betrayed the Petition of Right. In the end, it was important because it made the Commonwealth which led to Calvinism being the official religion and the abolition of the House of Lords. -
Commonwealth
The Commonwealth was a period of time when England didn't have a king and Oliver Cromwell was in charge. During these 11 years of time, England got rid of the House of Lords, and Calvinism was the official religion but Anglicanism was tolerated. -
The Glorious Revolution
The Glorious Revolution was when William of Orange was called to invade England because James II was Catholic and William was Calvinist. It established Parliament as the ruling power of England because James II was exiled. -
Dutch East India Company goes Bankrupt
The Dutch East India Company went bankrupt because of corruption and inflation, so the Dutch government took over its possessions and debt. It was important that the Dutch finally took over it and revoked the company's charter because of how much debt it was already in.