-
In Crete (Knossos), this type of writing (undeciphered), made up of artistic and varied pictographs, is used for the first time in the Minoan civilization, specially for recording crops. It is considered a primitive form of ancient greek.
-
After the Trojan war the Mycenaeans (winners) build the tomb of Agammemnon, after being murdered by his wife. It included the famous gold mask mentioned in literature and some treasures. At the same time, the first fortifications are built (like the Lion Gate).
-
At the city of Olympia (Western Peloponessus Peninsula), the first Olympic Games are held with the purpose to honor Zeus, founded by Heracles according to mythology. These included foot and chariot races, wrestling, archery, discus and pentathlon among others. The first winner is Coroebus, which received an olive crown.
-
In mythology, Romulus kills Remus (twin brothers nursed by a she-wolf when abandoned), when they quarrel about the location of the new city, and founds it near the Tiber River. Other version claims that Rome is the result of the established Etruscans and Sabins, and the arrival of Latins to the region called Latium and Greeks (monarchy).
-
After being under a monarchy and oligarchy, it is proposed a government system "of the citizens" after several reforms. In Classical Athens, only male adult citizens who owned land could vote and participate in government.It had the Assembly, The Council, and the popular courts.
-
Spartans and Athenians unify their forces to fight the Persians, to give end to the Persian Wars. It was successful for the Greeks, who weakened their enemy a lot. The teritory was devastated, as were economicas and politics, so later Pericles will rebuild Athens.
-
During the Republic (509-27 BCE), due to pressure of the Assembly (plebeians, represented by tribunes) to the Senate (patricians, represented by consuls who could "veto") by proposing new laws and threatening to stop paying taxes and contributing to the military in 449 BCE, the Senate had to create written laws. These laws were organized in 12 sections, and protected human rights according to the society of the time.
-
After the chaos that the death of Julius Caesar brought, 3 men allied politically for convenience to bring the order of the Republic back. Octavian (Augustus), Mark Antony and Lepidus then quarreled and Augustus won (Mark Antony committed suicide with Cleopatra), becoming a unique leader, and emperor, starting the Empire.
-
Being part of Augustus plan to embellish Rome and bring back its peace, he started a period of stability and relative peace. He increased public works (aqueducts for example), constructed a massive system of roads leading to Rome (increasing trade and economy), secured the borders, expanded the military forces and territory, etc. It had 5 "good emperors" and finished with Marcus Aurelius.
-
After being seen as threat to religion, politics, economy and stability (refused to do certain customs, announced a bigger -spiritual- kingdom, declared himself a king), leaders took action. Jesus was judged by Pontius Pilate in Judaea and crucified, to stop the rebellion he was causing. On the contrary, Christianity grew larger and became the official religion of the empire.
-
Living in the high plains of the modern regions of Cudinamarca and Boyacá in Colombia, trade, economy, government and population expanded. Governors organized the territory into cacicazgos, being the Zipa and Zaque the leaders, Bacatá and Hunza. People of high status were mummified when dead, the Muisca calendar was created, and goldsmithing was perfectioned.
-
The Tayrona Civilization, located in the Sierra Nevada of Santa Marta, start building their biggest city at the moment in the valey of Buritaca River. It holded around 6,000 people, and had sewage systems and bridges. When conquistadores arrived, all its gold was stolen.
-
In cental Mexico, the Toltec civilization flourishes,they are the descendants of the Olmecs. In this golden age its capital city of Tollan is built and new mythology is introduced (like the Feathered Serpent, a primitive version of Aztec religion)
-
In the golden age of the Mayan Civilization, in the Yucatán Peninsula, the capital city of Teotihuacán expands, bringing with it a development in mathematics, science and other technologies. Also, the first Mayan book is written.
-
In the Inca Civilization golden Age, a huge territorial expansion occurs, along with the unification of regional city-states of actual Chile and Peru (after small civil wars) done by the Pachacuti Inca Yupanqui leader. Economy, trade and communication improve.
-
Three city-states of the Valley of Mexico ally and unify cultures and power to expand their cvilization. This unification of the Aztecs (Tenochtitlán-Mexica people), Texcoco and Tlacopán marks the start of the Aztec Empire,
-
Christopher Columbus is the first European to arrive to America, with his crew in the Pinta, the Niña, and the Santa María. From this moment, conquistadores start to arrive.
