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Griots are poet-musicians who tell stories, sing songs of praise, and recite poems, often while playing a drum or stringed instrument. They perform music, dance, and drama.
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By the Middle Ages, they had created a system in which all clergy members had a rank. The pope, who was the bishop of Rome, was the supreme head of the Roman Catholic Church.
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In 330 C.E., the emperor Constantine took a step that changed the future of the Roman Empire. He moved his capital 850 miles east, to the ancient city of Byzantium. He renamed the city New Rome. Later, it was called Constantinople.
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The geography of West Africa influenced the patterns of trade that developed there. Different resources are found in each of the vegetation zones.
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Ghana’s military included a regular army, reserve forces, and elite soldiers. The regular army was made up of several thousand career soldiers.
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Muhammad was born in Makkah. His mother sent him to live with a family of Nomads in the desert. He went on a journey with his uncle a age 12.
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As trade and commerce grew so did the towns in that city.They traded goods such as food, chlothing, and household items.
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Symptoms, or signs, of the plague included fever, vomiting, fierce coughing and sneezing fits, and egg-sized swellings or bumps, called buboes. It was carried to Italy on a ship.
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The Chinese invented the art of papermaking by the second century C.E. The earliest Chinese paper was probably made from hemp and then the bark of the mulberry tree. Later, the Chinese used rags.
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It emphasizes religious discipline, spiritual and closeness to God. Before prayer the Muslims must perform ritual washings.
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One powerful group during this time was the Franks.The Franks were successful because they had made up a new style of warfare, and on horses.
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Acceptance of the Arabic language helped promote learning. Beginning in the 8th century, Arabic became the language of scholarship and science throughout Islamic lands.
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There were several reasons for the changes in agriculture. The first was the movement of farmers to the fertile basins of the Chang Jiang in southern China.
