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King James VI wrote Daemonologie
After travelling to Denmark, a country that was highly influenced by the "Witches Hammer," James became obsessed with witches. He wrote a manuscript called Daemonologie to end witchcraft. -
King James I Ascension to the Throne
King James I had been ruling Scotland for 20 years as James V1. He inherited the English throne after Queen Elizabeth died. He was a chaste King because he was interested in men, specifically his advisor Buckingham. -
The Gun Powder Plot
King James I, who was Protestant, angered the Roman Catholics. So, the Catholics got together and formed a plan to explode the King and Parliament. It was called the Gun Powder Plot and it failed. -
King James I Creates His Own Version of the Bible
King James I wrote his own authorized version of the Bible. This was a great contirbution to English Literature and was a standard text for over 250 years. -
Parliament Ignored for 7 Years
Kings James I does not call parliament for seven years (1614-1621.) He disliked Puritans and parliament was mostly made up of Puritans. Strained his relationship with parliament more even though he had the chance to fix it. Only called parliament for money to spend on partying. -
King James I Visits Scotland
His only visit to Scotland after taking the throne of England and becoming the ruler of the united crown of England and Scotland. -
King James I Died
King James I died due to stomach problems. He left behind many problems for his successor. -
Charles I Becomes King
After the death of King James I, his son Charles I inherited the throne. His personality was similar to his father's. He was short, liked to party, and relied of the Duke of Buckingham for advice. -
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King Charles I Reign of England, Scotland, and Ireland
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Buckingham Assassinated
Duke of Buckingham is assassinated. Parliament is behind it. -
Petition of Rights
Parliament tells the King that it would not give him money unless he agreed to sign the Petition of Rights. It was a charter that provided specific liberties for citizens and limits the King’s rights and his power. It backs up the Magna Carta which ensures free speech and right for fair trials. -
Birth of Louis XIV
He was the King of France and Navarre. He was known as Louis the Great and the Sun King. He started the building of the palace Versailles. He died on 1st September 1715. -
Charles I Summons Parliament
King Charles I finally calls parliament after 11 years of ruling alone as he needed money and his illegal methods were not working. -
Charles I Calles Short Parliament
Puritans in Scotland are protesting. Charles I needed more money for war against the Scots, so he calls Parliament who did not support him and were sympathetic towards the Scots. He dissolves it and marches towards Scotland -
The Scots defeat the English army at the battle of Newburn.
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Charles I Strained Relationshup with Parliament
Charles I had a bad relationship with parliament. Parliament wanted him to rule with a council of advisors not the Duke of Buckingham. Parliament also denied his life long supply of money.So, he ruled without Parliament and acquires money using illegal ways; taxes, forced loans, ship money, tunnage and poundage, billted soldiers with homeowners, and sold titles of nobility. -
King Charles I Summons Long Parliament
King Charles I calls Long Parliament after 13 years of sitting. He was desperate for money. They were angry and demanded that Strafford and Laud be executed, he signed the Grand Remonstrance -
Impeachment of Lord Strafford
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Impeachment of Archbishop Laud
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Execution of Lord Strafford
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The Grand Remonstrance presented to King Charles at Hampton Court.
Charles I forced to sign a bill called the Grand Remonstrance. It forced him to call Parliament regularly, not impose and invent illegal taxes, pass control of the militia to parliament, and uphold the privillege of parliament. It was passed by 11 votes. -
Grand Remonstrance Presented to King Charles I
A law proposing that the king would never again have absolute power; the law would change the role of the king in government and remove many of his powers. The king must call parliament regularly, not impose illegal and invented taxes, pass the control of the army and militia to parliament, and uphold the “privilege of parliament.” Bill was only passed by 11 votes, lots of debate about the bill. -
The King fails in his attempt to arrest the Five Members regarded as his leading opponents in Parliament.
Since the Grand Remonstrance was so narrowly passed, Charles thought that parliament would be on his side if he arrested the leaders of the bill. He marched to the House of Commons with 500 soldiers to arrest the 5 leaders, but failed because they managed to escape. It was against the law. Parliament called for an army and open rebellions occurred. Charles left Westminster for Nottingham. -
Charles Fails to Arrest Five Members of Parliament
Charles I realized that the Grand Remonstrance was only passed by 11 votes, so he marches into pariament to arrest the main crafters and supporters of the bill. He fails to do so, instead Parliament gains more supporters. -
Charles I Declares War on Parliament
In Nottingham where he had support, Charles I raised his standard and declared war on parliament. This was the beginning of a civil war. -
Battle of Marston Moor
New Model Army defeat's the royalist army. -
Execution of Archbishop Laud
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Battle of Naseby
New Model Army defeats royal army again. -
Charles Handed Over to Parliament By Scots
Charles fleed to Scotland after being defeated, however, the Scots hand in over to Parliament. -
Putney Debates
Beginning of the Putney Debates between the Levellers and the army Grandees. -
The King signs the Engagement with the Scots
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Trial of Charles I Commences
Charles I trial by the High Court of Justice begins. Definition of treason at that time was the act of overthrowing theking. It was absurd b/c he was on trial for overthrowing himself -
Pride's Purge
Oliver Cromwell and Puritans drive out 143 Presbyterian members of parliament by Pride’s Purge. Only Rump Parliament of 60 members are left . They charge the King with treason and making war on his own people. They put Charles I on trial for life. -
Rump Parliament Assumes Full Legislative Powers
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Charles I Guilty and Beheaded
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Charles II proclaimed King of Scots
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Cromwell Arrives in Ireland
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Cromwell leaves Ireland,
He secured most of Ulster, Leinster and Munster for the Commonwealth. -
Charles II crowned King of Scots @ Crone
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Charles II Flees England to Normany, France
(By hiding in an Oak tree) -
Cromwell Disbands Rump Parliament
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Cromwell named as Lord Protector.
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Death of Olver Cromwell
Council of Officers and the Army accept his son, Richard, to be the succesor -
General Monk calls Long Parliament to dissolve themselves
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Richard Cromwell Resigns
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Restoration of Monarchy
Recalled Long Parliament decides to restore the monarchy and call King Charles II to rule as the King. They insist he rules as a constitutional monarchy but he secretly planned to regain all the power his father lost. He influenced those who were elected to have a majority of supporters in parliament. -
Test Act Passed
New Parliament passes the Test Act. It was an act forbidding anyone except members of the Church of England from holding political office or entering the professions. -
Death of Charles II
The Glorious Revolution. Throne passes to James II who was openly Catholic. At that time the majority of England was Anti-Catholic. James II gave high offices to Catholics despite the Tet Act. He believed in the Divine Right of Kings and wanted England to return Catholic. -
Rebellions in England
Rebellions broke out due to the King’s actions in support of the illegitimate son of Charles. James II reigns using terror. Numerous people executed because they were suspected to be rebels (“bloody assizes”) -
William and Mary Formally Proclaimed King and Queen
First time in English History, parliament chose the monarch, not hereditary right. James’s protestant daughter Mary and her husband William of Orange to become king and queen of England. Supporters of James flee England, and James abdicates the throne and leaves as well.
Divine Right was dead. William and Mary had to oblige to the Bill of Rights. -
Bill of Rights
Signed by Mary and William when they took the throne of England. It made it clear that parliament was the real government of the country. Suspending/executing laws are illegal without the consent of parliament is illegal, people have the right to petition to the King, it is illegal punish people forpetitioning, elections of members of parliament are free, freedom of speech, debates or proceedings of Parliament can’t be impeached or questioned anywhere outside of Parliament, excessive bails, fine -
Birth of Louis XV
He inherited the throne from Louis XVI and was known as Louis the well beloved. He died on 10 May 1174. -
Steam engine invented
Thomas Newcomen invents the steam engine. This was a major part of the revolution as people no longer had to use human power and work was more efficient. -
Flying Shuttle invented
James Kay invents the flying shuttle. -
Birth of Louis XVI
He was the King of France during the French Revolution. He married Marie Antoinette of the Austrian Royal family to strengthen bonds between the two countries. He was guillotined on 21 January 1793. -
Birth of Marie Antoinette
She was originally from Austria but was married off to King Louis XVI of France. She was disliked by the French people as she did not understand their life. She was guillotined on 16 October 1793. -
Fall of Quebec
Quebec is surrendered to the British. This event is a cause of the American Revolution. -
First Canal Built
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Treaty of Paris
Stops fighting between Britain and France for control of N.A. France gives control of all Canadian properties (except Louisiana to Spain) to England. Quebec is under British military rule. The language remains the same, the culture continues on, and business interactions are fair. -
Royal Proclamation
King George issued an Royal Proclamation. It cut off land speculation to the west of the Appalachian Mountains. Therefore, colonists in the 13 colonies can not move into the desirable, Ohio Valley. The natives keep control of their land. Colonists are angered by this as it made them feel as if the British were not interested in them. -
The Stamp Act
A law that the British enforced on the colonists. It was a small tax colonists had to pay on many goods and services that was in the form of a stampThe money was suppose to pay the costs of defending the American Colonies. Americans mad because " No taxation without representation." -
Sons of Liberty
Local organizations started to merge into inter-colonial organizations. Most members were from upper and middle classes, however, they knew they needed to expand their power base by incorporating all of society. They relied on large public demonstrations for advertisement. They sided with the British throughout the Stamp Act Crisis b/c they were confident that parliament would repeal the tax. -
Repeal of Stamp Act
The Stamp Act caused a lot of protests. Offices who enforced it were attacked. Some were tarred and feathered, some officials' houses were destroyed, and streets were chaotic. Politicians and English people realized it was a disaster and sided with the Ameircans.
*British still hungry for money, other acts were installed. -
Steam Engine is Improved
James Watt improves the Steam -
Boston Massacre
Many actions of Britain angered the colonists. They were forced to house soldiers, restricted in business and trade, and many British troops were assigned to the colonies.
The "Massacre" started as a protest, but the # of people increased to 400+. The colonists threw rocks and teased the British. The soldiers fired back, apparently they misunderstood an order. 13 people were died (11 @ the scene, 2 later.) -
The Tea Act
British Parliament gave the East India Company a monopoly on the importation of tea to the 13 colonies. Parliament also reduced the duty colonists paid for tea. By agreeing to buy the cheaper tea, they aknowledged parliaments right to tax them. Tea= a staple crop so, it was assumed that they wouldn't deny the tax. Another example colonists saw as: "taxation without representation" b/c they couldn't buy tea from anyone else. This led to the Boston Tea Party. -
Boston Tea Party
In reaction to the Tea Act, members of the Sons of Liberty disguised themselves as mohawks, climbed into 3 ships, and dumped 45 tons of tea (worth 1 millon plus dollars) into the Boston Harbour. Samuel Adams argued that it was a principled protest and the only remaining option colonists had to defend their constitutional rights. -
Boston Port Act
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The Intolerable/Coercive Acts
4 laws passed by the British Parliament to reverse the trend of colonial resistance. These acts were a response to the Boston Tea Party. They hoped it would turn back to parliamentary authority that began with the Stamp Act.The Quebec Act was another act passed shortly after the intolerable acts so, people thought it was also a punishment. -
Administration of Justice Act
One of the intolerable acts that stated people have the right to be tried in England , however, many people could not afford it. -
Massachusetts Government Act
One of the intolerable acts. -
The Quatering Act
One of the intolerable acts. It stated that soldiers could be billeted anywhere. -
The Quebec Act
The act changed Quebec into an official British Colony, not a territory under military rule anymore. Act was beneficial for the French, but Americans were infuriated with it b/c: it recognized the importance of Catholic Church, kept French law for business and personal matters, and introduced English criminal law. It also expanded Quebecs boundaries to the north and west. -
First Continental Congress
Colonists viewed the acts enforced by the British Parliament as a violation of their rights. so they organized the First Continental Congress in Philadelphia to coordinate a protest. All colonies except for Georgia sent delegates. The Congress took the first steps toward full independence from England. -
Lexington and Concord
First encounter between redcoats and minutemen. The shot is heard around the world and it is the beginning of the war and America's road to independence -
Second Continental Congress
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George Washington Named Commander in Chief
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Battle of Bunker Hill
The British drive the Americans out of Breed's Hill -
Washington takes Command of the Continental Army
The Continental Army was the American army during the civil war made of patriots who were passionate for revolution. -
Declaration of Independence
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Battle of Brooklyn
The British under Generals William Howe and Charles Cornwallis tried to trap Americans in New York. First victory of British and many George Washington escapes. -
Trenton and Princeton
Washington crosses the Delaware and captures Trenton from HessiansBattle lasts for 45min and results in 900 Hessian Prisoners. Lasts for several days. 1777 -
Washington victorious at Princeton
Important victories for the weary Americans, and they were also an opportunity to gain some badly needed guns and ammunition. The British are drove out of New Jersey for good. -
Battle of Saratoga
Turning point of the Revolutionary War as the American victory convinced France to enter the war on the side of the Americans who eventually won the war and became independent. General Burgoyne came up with a three-pronged attack but it failed, so Burgoyne surrendered almost his entire army to General Horatio Gates on October 17, 1777. -
Battle of Saratoga
Turning point of the Revolutionary War as the American victory convinced France to enter the war on the side of the Americans who eventually won the war and became independent. General Burgoyne came up with a three-pronged attack but it failed, so Burgoyne surrendered almost his entire army to General Horatio Gates on October 17, 1777. -
Savannah
A joint American-French forced tried to take back the city from the British who snatched the city a couple months ago. Charleston was an important port and strategic center for the Southern Continental Army, nearly all of which surrendered at Charleston. -
Siege of Charleston
Charleston was an important port for the Souther Continental Army, so when the British won, the army surrendered. The Americans commanded by General Benjamin Lincoln tried to fight back but the battle lasted until May 12th when the British won. The British who were commanded by General Henry Clinton gained control of many Southern colonies. -
Articles of Confederation Adopted
A structured government had to be created to maintain the liberties that were won, so the United States worked under the “Articles of Confederation” who created a congress that had little power as individual states held the most power. This lasted until 1789 when a new Constitution was drafted. -
Battle of Yorktown
The American victory at this battle signified the end of the revolutionary war. American forces commanded by Greene and Commander-in-Chief George Washington fought Cornwallis on land while French ships surrounded the bay of Yorktown. The American strategy was similar to the British strategy at the Battle of Brooklyn, where they won. Cornwallis surrendered at this battle -
Preliminary Treaty of Paris Signed
The preliminary Treaty of Paris signed.King George III wanted to keep fighting but Parliament forced him to sign a treaty that declared the independence of the Americans. -
King George III announced the thirteen colonies as thirteen states
King George III wanted to keep fighting but Parliament forced him to stop. -
The United States and Great Britain sign the Treaty of Paris
The Treaty is signed by two British representatives and three American representatives (John Adams (Massachusetts), John Jay (New York) and Benjamin Franklin (Pennsylvania.) It recognized the U.S.A as an independent and free country. -
Robespierre is executed
Maximillien Robespierre is guillotined without a trial. It is the end of the Reign of Terror and the Jacobins group. -
U.S. Constitution adopted
The Constitution is adopted after New Hampshire ratifies it. -
U.S.A Constitution signed
Leaders met in Philadelphia and drafted the U.S Constitution to improve the Articles of Conferedation. The Constitution was inspired by the ideas of Enlightenment thinkers. The idea of three separate branches of government that all had equal power which included the legislative branch, executive branch, and judiciary branch was inspired by the idea of Montesquieu. -
Meeting of the Estates General
Louis calls for a meeting of the Estates General since France was in an economic crisis. This is the first time in over 170 years -
Formation of the National Assembly
Members of the Third Estate wanted fair representation in government, so they formed the National Assembly to fairly represent “the people.” -
Signing of the Tennis Court Oath
Members of the third estate were kicked out of the Estates-General meeting, so they gathered on an indoor handball court in Versailles and declared themselves the National Assembly. They swore to create a new constitution that was fair and to represent the people. It was the first official rebellion against the monarchy in France. -
Storming of the Batille
The third estate stormed the Bastille in Paris to get ammunition. They torn down the prison brick by brick. -
Feudalism is Abolished
The National Assembly announces the end of feudalism and serfdom in France. -
Womens march on Versailles
Parisian women Tuileries march on Versailles to take the monarchy to Paris and to show them the hardship for citizens during this time. -
Declaration of the Rights of Man and of Citizen
The National Assembly declared in a document the individual and unalienable rights of man, basic principles, and liberties of man. It is similar to the American Bill of Rights. -
Civil Constitution of the Clergy
This law was passed to seize the land of the Catholic Church. They were issued assignats which was paper money because France was bankrupt. -
Louis XVI and his family attempt to flee paris
Louis XVI and his family attempted to flee to Austria but they were captured in Veeran. -
Bill of Rights added to the Constitution
Many states asked for a bill of rights that would guarantee a person’s personal liberties. It was the first ten amendments of the Constitution. It protected basic rights such as freedom of speech, freedom of press, freedom of religion, etc. -
Formation of the National Convention
Assembly that governed France between during majority of the French Revolution. The National Convention was made up of people such as Robespierre(who was later overthrown by the National Conventional) who discussed the formation of a new constitution after the monarchy was abolished. The committee of Public Safety was created by the National Convention. -
France declares war on Austria
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Louis XVI is guillotined
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Invention of the cotton gin
Southern planters converted to cotton production after the loss of profitable exports from Britain such as rice, indigo, and tobacco. -
Death of Marat
Marat is murdered in his bath by Charlotte Corday. He was the editor of L’ami du Peuple and a revolutionary who had strong opinions. He was a radical who fought for the lower class, especially the San Cullots. -
Start of Reign of Terror
Everyone who was against the idea of revolution was guillotined. The country was chaotic. As well, The Notre Dame was changed to the Temple of Reason, and a new calendar was put in place. -
Georges Danton Guillotined
He was guillotined by the revolutionaries as he wanted to shift the direction of the revolution. He wanted to end the Terror and collaborated with Camille Desmoulins. -
Formation of the Directory
The Directory was the governing body of France for 4 years during the recovery from the Reign of Terror. The system was made up of two councils and five executive directors. -
Napoleon Bonaparte overthrows the Directory
Napoleon replaces the Directory with the Consulate through by coup d'état and his smart tricks. -
First English Factory Act Passed
The first English Factory Act was passed to improve working conditions for workers (especially children) and hygene in the mills. -
Civil Code(Code Napoleon) introduced
The Civil Code was a set of laws established under Napoleon that was based on Roman law and Justinian Corpus Juris Civilis. It was based on the ideas of the French Revolution such as forbidding rights by birth. It was the first legal code to be a established in a country with a civil law legal system -
Napoleon crowns himself Emperor
Napoleon takes the crown from the Pope’s hands and puts it on himself to declare his divine power. -
Congress agrees to pay pensions to veterans
Many soldiers in the Continental Army returned from war penniless as they received no/little pay. Soldiers who served the entire war received certificates for Western land, but they had to sell it because they needed money before the law was in affect. -
Illegal Child Labour
In 1819, it became illegal to hire any child under the age of nine to work in the textile industry, This was another step in preventing child abuse and misuse since children were first not allowed to work for more than twelve hours straight in cotton mills, and the hours were further reduced. -
Napoleon dies of stomach cancer
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Workers Association Legalized
Early labour unions(organizations that helped improve confditions for their members) were established, however, the middle and upper class still believed that workers should work as much as possible. -
"Rocket" built
In 1829, George and Robert Stephenson built a locomotive(steam engine desgined to pull cars on a railyway.) It could pull a small train at a surprising speed of 39km/hour. -
Liverpool-Manchester railyway opens
This railway was the first twin track inter-city passenger railway. The trains ran on a schedule and people were ticketed. During the late-nineteenth century, railways became the most important way of transportation. -
Poor Law Ammendment Act
A law that was passed to help the needy, however, it did not work well, so it was reformed. Even after the Poor Law Ammendment Act was passed, thousands of needy people still could not find work. -
Oliver Twist Written
Famous Writer Charles Dickens writes Oliver Twist. The works of Charles Dickens was centered around life during the Industrial Revolution -
King James I Introduced the Diving Right of Kings
He believed that King's are more superior than other men as he was God's representative on earth which meant that his decision were unquestionable by normal people including parliament. This was known as the Diving Right of Kings. It violated the Magna Carta. -
Court of Star Chamber Created
King Charles I created the Court of Star Chamber which was a royal court in which people had no legal rights. He used it convict, imprison, and fine his enemies. People were stripped of Freedom of Speech. -
Blue Laws Abolished
Charles II abolished the Blue Laws, exhumes Cromwell and other regicides, and give them traitor's punishments -
The Blue Laws
Laws Cromwell enforced throughout the country. He divided the country into districts and placed a major general in each district to enforce the blue laws and other municipal regulations. These Puritan laws outlawed “pagan” ceremonies, such as Christmas, and forbadedancing, gambling, sports, and the theatre.
