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Acadians are exiled from their homes
Who: The Acadians were affected.
What: The Acadians had their homes burnt to the ground and were left transported to the Thirteen Colonies.
When: During the French and Indian War(1755-1764)
Where: Acadia
Why: The Acadians didn`t want to fight for Britain or France.
This was unfair for the Acadians because they wanted to be neutral because they didn;t want to fight for either side. The British took that as a weakness and took advantage of them even though they didn;t want any involvement. -
The Conquest (Battle on the Plains of Abraham)
Who: British and French forces
What: Battle between the British and French armies.
When: September 13th, 1759
Where: Battle took place on the outskirts of Quebec on the Plains of Abraham.
Why: The battle took place in the later stages of the "Seven Years War" the British and the French were fighting to colonize the Canada area.
The battle lasted around an hour with both Generals being killed. -
The Royal Proclamation determines that First Nations are sovereign
Who: The British, French and the Aboriginals of Canada wee affected.
What: Post Seven Years War land claims.
When: 1763
Where: Ontario, Quebec,Nova Scotia, Newfoundland
Why: It allowed Britain to gain control over what was once French land.
After being defeated by the British the French didn't have a choice over signing the treaty of Paris allowing the British to take over the land. -
Lord Durham’s report encourages the assimilation of the Francophone colonists
Who: Lord Durham and all Canadians
What: Lord Durham is sent to Canada to investigate the explanation behind the rebellions in recent years between Lower and Upper Canada.
When: 1838
Where: Upper and Lower Canada
Why: The imperial Prime Minister Lord Melbourne appointed Lord Durham to help Canada.
In Lord Durham's report he suggested to assimilate the Francophones into an Anglophone dominate society. -
The Indian Act is first created
Who: Affects the Indigenous of Canada
What: An Act to eradicate First Nations culture into favor of assimilation into Euro-Canadian Society
When: Created 1867
Where: Canada
Why: An attempt to assimilate First Nation peoples in Euro-Canadian Society and culture.
Even though it was officially created in 1867 the Royal Proclamation laid down the base for how Canada would treat the Indigenous for the centuries forthcoming. -
Confederation
Who: Canadians(Lead by Sir John A McDonald and Sir George-Etienne Cartier.
What: Canada becomes a nation.
When: July 1st, 1867
Where: Canada
Why: The vision was a nation coast to coast.
In order to make this vision into reality the initial steps of Confederation, involving the Colonies of Canada(later split into Ontario and Quebec), Nova Scotia and New Brunswick, had to be established. -
Manitoba Schools Question becomes an issue in the federal election
Who: Roman Catholics and Protestants
What: Creation of separate schools for the Roman Catholics and Protestants.
When: 1870
Where: Manitoba, Canada
Why: This issue later went to the national level affecting the Francophones and leading to the defeat in the Conservative government in the federal election in 1896.
The separation between language and religion made the Franocphone citizens believe that the French culture would be able to survive. Which created the start of Quebec nationalism. -
Riel Rebellion
Who: The Metis, Louis Riel, Canadian Government
What: Louis Riel lead the Metis to a rebellion against the Canadian Government
When: 1885
Where: Manitoba Canada
Why: The Government didn't listen to any of the Metis people during Confederation.
In the creation of the coast to coast country the Government of Canada bought Rupurtsland from the Hudson's Bay Company. The problem was that the land never belonged to the Hudson's Bay Company but to the Indigenous. -
Chinese Head Tax discriminates against Chinese immigration
Who: Affected the Chinese
What: The Chinese were given unreasonable tax hikes
When: Between 1885 and 1923
Where: Canada
Why: To reduce the amount of Chinese immigrating into Canada.
Canada was willing for the Chinese labour for the construction of the Canadian Pacific Railway but after there were "too many" Chinese immigrants,roughly 15 000, the government decided to create an extremely high price to immigrate into Canada to reduce the amount of Chinese in Canada. -
Conscription crisis during World War One
Who: All of Canada
What: Forcing men to fight under Canada for the British
When: 1917
Where: Europe to fight in the first World War
Why: The Canadians were forced to go to war for the British because they were still a colony of Great Britain.
The conflict arose when the Conscription started. The Quebecois didn't want to fight under the British but the Angolphones forced it upon them. This motivated many revolutionary acts. -
Chinese Immigration Act
Who: The Chinese
What: No Chinese were allowed into Canada for almost 25 years.
When: Began in 1923
Where: Not allowed into Canada
Why: Racism
People from different parts of the world were allowed on restricted guidelines but the Chinese were the only ones not allowed by any means. -
The referendum is held to decide if Newfoundland should join Canada
Who: Newfoundland and Labrador
What: Newfoundland becomes the tenth province to join Canada.
When: 11:59Pm May 31,1949
Where: Newfoundland joins the rest of Canada
Why: It was almost inevitable for Newfoundland to join as there was a blank stone at the Parliament of Canada.
Some of the main reasons was because Newfoundland was `dangerously`alone, had a small and scattered population and highly vulnerable resources. -
The Calder Case
Who: Nisa`ga
What: A push for the Niga`sa people to have a self government
When: 1967
Where: British Columbia
Why: The Niga`sa people lead through example that the Aboriginals have a big role in Canadian society. -
The White Paper on Aboriginal Rights
Who: Affected the Aboriginal peoples of Canada
What: Also known as ``The Statement of the Government of Canada on Indian Policy``
When: 1969
Where: Parliament of Canada
Why: Discussions around Aboriginal land claims
First Nations people feared they would lose their cultural sovereignty and ultimately their land. -
The Red Paper
Who: Pierre Trudeau's Government, Aboriginal Peoples
What: Pierre Trudeau didnt agree with the Aboringinals land claims
When:`1969-1970
Where: Parliament of Canada
Why: Trudeau believed that the land claims by the Aboriginals were too bored and unspecific.
This made the Aboriginal peoples` feared about their stance would would undermine their special rights and status in Canada. -
FLQ Crisis
Who: Quebecois
What: Kidnapping
When: October 1970
Where: Quebec
Why: Quebec wanted independence from Canada
In response to this Pierre Trudeau invoked the War Measures Act to control the situation(the Quebec premier was in approval of this move). -
Quiet Revolution
Who: Quebecois
What: Uprising of Quebec nationalism
When: 1970-Present
Where: Quebec
Why: Quebecois wanted to be recognized more within Canada. -
Election of the Parti Quebecois
Who:
What: Nationalist Party Based in Quebec
When: Founded in 1976
Where: Founded in Quebec
Why: Motivation was to separate from Canada.
The Parti Quebecois held two referendums to separate from Canada in 1980 and 1995. -
Bill 101 is passed into law in Quebec
Who: Introduce by Camille Laurin
What: A law passed in Quebec parliament
When: 1977
Where: Quebec, Canada
Why: To create a more unfed Quebec.
Bill 101 made French the first language of Quebec. -
Quebec Referendum
Who: Parti Quebecois
What: Separation from Canada
When: 1980
Where: Quebec, Canada
Why: Quebec people want cultural sovereignty
The second referendum in Quebec to separate from Canada. It wasn`t successful -
The NEP (National Energy Program) is implemented
Who: Alberta(Mainly) and the Canadian Government.
What: The Canadian Government attempt to have more control of the petroleum industry.
When: 1980-1985
Where: Implemented throughout Canada
Why: The Canadian Government wanted more Control over the booming Oil Industry.
Because of the discovery of the immense oil in Alberta the Government didn`t want any of it to go to waste so they made price policies and made sure to send it to the countries that provide the country with the most profit. -
Canada adopts Multiculturalism
Who: All Canadians
What: The Prime Minister Pierre Trudeau announced multiculturalism as an official government policy
Where: House of Impairment
When: 1971
Why: To preserve the cultural freedoms of all individuals.
Multiculturalism is important to Canada today because it lets everyone be themselves. -
Quebec refuses to sign the constitution
Who: This concerns Quebec and Canada
What: Quebec doesn`t agree with the Constitution
When: 1982- Present
Where: Canada
Why: Quebec has been a strong believer in leaving Canada and doesn`t support the Constitutions terms
The Constitution had been rejected by 9 Premiers of Quebec -
Meech Lake Accord
Who: Canadian Government and Provincial Governments of Canada
What: Prime Minster tried to revise the constitution after the Meech Lake Accord failed.
When: 1987
Where: House of Commons, Canada
Why: The Quebecois rejected the Meech Lake Accord so Brain Mulroney tried a different approach.
In the Accord Brain Mulroney made it so that the First
Minsters(Premiers and Prime Minster) had to meet at least once a year. -
Supreme Court determines that turbans can be worn with the RCMP uniform
Who:Conflict between RCMP and Baltej Singh Dhillon
What:The RCMP forced Baltej Singh Dhillon to cut his hair and never wear his turban during service for the RCMP
When:1988
Where:Baltej Singh Dhillon moved from Malaysia to British Columbia
Why:Taking off Baltej's turban would be against his religion.
Baltej went to the Supreme court with this issue in the hope of achieving reasonable accommodation. Image from google -
The Oka Crisis
Who: Mohawk protesters and Canadian Police and Army
What: Stand off between the Mohawk protesters and Canadian Police and Army.
When: 11 July- September 26, 1990
Where: Mohawk of the Kanesatake reserve
Why: The Mohawks were being ignored so they had to start protests to be heard.
Since the 18th century the Mohawk First Nations tried speaking up that the Canadian government was on their land and were ignored until the Oka Crisis where they had enough. -
Formation of the Bloc Quebecois
Who: A political party devoted to Quebec nationalism.
What: The Bloc Quebecois also promote Quebec sovereignty.
When: Founded June 15,1991.
Where: Based in Quebec.
Why:The Quebecois needed a party that had the province and the French people as their top priority
The Bloc Quebecois has become the largest political party in Quebec. The Closest rival is the Parti Quebecois -
Royal Commission on Aboriginal Peoples
Who: Royal Commission on Aboriginal Peoples and the Government of Canada
What: Established to investigate issues of Aboriginals today
When: Established 1991
Where: All over Canada
Why: They investigated the relationship amongst Aboriginals and Canada as a whole.
After interviewing people of Aboriginal descent the Commission concluded that there is a urgent need to preserve Canada`s Indigenous languages as many will face extinction if the trends continue. -
Charlottetown Accord
Who: The factions involved included the federal government, provincial governments and the Assembly of First Nations.
What: The Accord administered constitutional issues such as the division of legislation powers.
When: 1992
Where: The Accord was unveiled in Charlottetown, PEI
Why: The accord allowed each province to have the ability to provide their people with their own healthcare, social services, advanced education,etc.
This document allowed people/provinces to be more independent -
Quebec Referendum
Who: Involved Quebec Citizens affected a Nation-State.
What: The second referendum was a vote between the citizens of Quebec to separate from Canada.
When: The build up lasted a long time but the vote took place in 1995.
Where: Quebec,Canada.
Why: Quebec felt very left out being the only sole French speaking province in Canada.
With the Charlottetown Accord in 1992 still succeeding even though it wasn't popular amongst Quebecois that made the Quebecois mad and want a major change. -
Recognition of Quebecois nation
Who: This event included Stephen Harper, Parliament of Canada and Quebec
What: Stephen Harper announced that Quebec was a nation within a Nation-State
When: November 27,2006
Where: Parliament of Canada
Why: The debate about Quebec's "nationhood" was always there but never official.
The concern of Quebec separating from Canada was becoming more prominent Stephen Harper and the Conservative party wanted to make the Quebecois feel a belonging in Canada -
Canada apologizes for Residential Schools
Who: The Government of Canada, All First Nations people affected.
What: The Government of Canada apologizing to all the First Nations affected by the residential school system.
When: June 11th, 2008
Where: House of Parliament
Why: The First Nations people needed an apologize for the terrible treatment they received in the past.
The Residential School system separated over 150 000 children from their families "to kill the Indian from the child" which needed an apology to be made. -
The publication of the TRC 94 Calls to Action
Who: The Indigenous and The Government of Canada were involved.
What: Indigenous people want reconciliation for the abuse that occurred during the residential schools program
When: 2015
Where: Canadian Parliament
Why: The Indigenous people wanted an apology for the years of abuse their children went through.
The apology was necessary for the First Nations of Canada because of the trauma the children endured between 1880's-1996. -
National Inquiry into Missing and Murdered Indigenous Women and Girls
Who: This issue involves the Indigenous peoples and the Canadian Government
What: A national inspection into the missing and murdered Indigenous woman and girls.
When: 2005-Present
Where: All over Canada
Why: This is a big issue as the RCMP found around 1 100 cases of missing Indigenous woman/children all over Canada.
After 4 decades of searching the NWAC confirmed 582 cases.
