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Evolution of Slavery in North America
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Royal African Company
By the end of 1713 Royal African Company had brought at least 350,000 slaves to from Africa to America British colonies Corbett PhD, P. Scott and Janseen PhD, Volker. U.S. History (Rice University, 2016), Accessed June 18, 2017, http://cnx.org/content/col11740/1.3 -
Stono Rebellion
Armed resistance by slaves took place in the colony of South Carolina when the slaves met secretly near Stone River approximately 20 miles SW Charleston and staged an uprising, led by a slave known as Jemmy. Corbett PhD, P. Scott and Janseen PhD, Volker. U.S. History (Rice University, 2016), Accessed June 18, 2017, http://cnx.org/content/col11740/1.3 -
Negro Act of 1740
As a result of the Stono Rebellion, South Carolina passed the Negro Act in 1740. This act prohibited slaves from assembling in groups, travelling overseas, growing own food, earning money and learning how to write English. it also permitted slave owners to kill slaves who rebelled. Corbett PhD, P. Scott and Janseen PhD, Volker. U.S. History (Rice University, 2016), Accessed June 18, 2017, http://cnx.org/content/col11740/1.3 -
New York Conspiracy Trials
Thirteen fires broke out in New York in 1741. The white population living in fear of Stono Rebellion type of rebellion by the slaves blamed the fires on the slaves. Two hundred people were arrested from the slaves neighborhoods. Thirteen people were executed, four others were hanged, and seventy were sold to the West Indies. Corbett PhD, P. Scott and Janseen PhD, Volker. U.S. History (Rice University, 2016), Accessed June 18, 2017, http://cnx.org/content/col11740/1.3 -
Formation of Ohio Company of Virginia
Prominent Virginians including two of George Washington's brothers formed the Virginia Ohio Company, to invest in the land west of Appalachian Mountains and also to engage in fur trade. Corbett PhD, P. Scott and Janseen PhD, Volker. U.S. History (Rice University, 2016), Accessed June 18, 2017, http://cnx.org/content/col11740/1.3 -
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The French and Indian War
This was is also called The Seven Year's War. A war between Great Britain and France in America between 1754-1763. The fighting took place from Virginia to Maine. Corbett PhD, P. Scott and Janseen PhD, Volker. U.S. History (Rice University, 2016), Accessed June 18, 2017, http://cnx.org/content/col11740/1.3 -
Ohio Company of Vriginia granted land by British Crown
The British Crown granted the Ohio Company of Virginia half millions acres of land, where the in return promised to settle 100 families and establish a fort to protect the families and help British claim the land. However, the French also claimed the land. Corbett PhD, P. Scott and Janseen PhD, Volker. U.S. History (Rice University, 2016), Accessed June 18, 2017, http://cnx.org/content/col11740/1.3 -
French established Fort Dequesne
On the intersection of the Ohio, Monongahela, and Allegheny rivers, the French established Fort Dequesne. War broke out because of the competing claims to the land by the British and the French.
Corbett PhD, P. Scott and Janseen PhD, Volker. U.S. History (Rice University, 2016), Accessed June 18, 2017, http://cnx.org/content/col11740/1.3 -
George Washington's surrender
The British troops fared badly in the beginning of the war. On July 10, 1754, George Washington and the native allies surrendered at Fort Necessity. Corbett PhD, P. Scott and Janseen PhD, Volker. U.S. History (Rice University, 2016), Accessed June 18, 2017, http://cnx.org/content/col11740/1.3 -
Britain dispatched General Edward Braddock
Britain dispatched General Edward Braddock to the colonies to take Fort Duquesne which was under the French. French fighting alongside the Potawotomis, Ottawas, Shawnees, and Delawares ambushed the British soldiers and killed hundreds of British soldiers and militiamen. George Braddock died in the attack. Corbett PhD, P. Scott and Janseen PhD, Volker. U.S. History (Rice University, 2016), Accessed June 18, 2017, http://cnx.org/content/col11740/1.3 -
British Secretary pledged support
British Secretary of State pledged huge sums of money and resources to defeating the French. Money was paid as bounties to young recruits in the colonies. Corbett PhD, P. Scott and Janseen PhD, Volker. U.S. History (Rice University, 2016), Accessed June 18, 2017, http://cnx.org/content/col11740/1.3 -
The Treaty Easton
Treaty of Easton was signed between the British government and the leaders of the Indian tribes of Iroquis, Delaware, shawnee. The treaty which occured in Easton, PA and aligned the Indian tribes with the British in return for some of the contested in Pennsylvania and Virginia.
Corbett PhD, P. Scott and Janseen PhD, Volker. U.S. History (Rice University, 2016), Accessed June 18, 2017, http://cnx.org/content/col11740/1.3 -
British took Quebec
British under James Wolfe defeated French and took Quebec.The French empire in North America crumbled. Corbett PhD, P. Scott and Janseen PhD, Volker. U.S. History (Rice University, 2016), Accessed June 18, 2017, http://cnx.org/content/col11740/1.3 -
French surrender in Canada
French surrendered their colony in Canada when British seized Montreal. British won the war,and the French empire in North America had crumbled. Corbett PhD, P. Scott and Janseen PhD, Volker. U.S. History (Rice University, 2016), Accessed June 18, 2017, http://cnx.org/content/col11740/1.3 -
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The Imperial Reforms
Following the French and Indian Wars, also known as the Seven Year's War, Great Britain incurred huge amount of debts when necessitated the British government to institute Imperial reforms to help take care of the debt, and also to have better control of the American colonies. -
The Treaty of Paris
The treaty of Paris ended the French and Indian War (The Seven year's War), between Great Britain and France. France gave up all lands in Canada and Louisiana East of Mississippi, except New Orleans to Great Britain. Corbett PhD, P. Scott and Janseen PhD, Volker. U.S. History (Rice University, 2016), Accessed June 18, 2017, http://cnx.org/content/col11740/1.3 -
The Sugar Act of 1764
Sugar Act was passed in 1764. It lowered the duties on the British molasses and was meant to address the rampant smuggling of molasses from West Indies. It required the violators be tried in the Vice-Admiral courts, which were courts without the juries. Colonists protested this Act as a violation of their liberty and subjection to political slavery. Corbett PhD, P. Scott and Janseen PhD, Volker. U.S. History (Rice University, 2016), Accessed June 18, 2017, http://cnx.org/content/col11740/1.3 -
Currency Act of 1764
In 1764 British Prime Minister, George Grenville introduced the Currency Act which prohibited the colonies from printing additional paper. This had the goal of standardizing the currency that was being used in the Atlantic trade and to shore up the empire's economy. Colonists protested because they had been using the paper currency to conduct their trade, and gold and silver supply was low. Corbett et al. U.S. History (2016), Accessed June 18, 2017, http://cnx.org/content/col11740/1.3 -
Sons of Liberty and Daughters of Liberty lead resistance
In the summer of 1765, secret groups known as the Son's of Liberty and Daughter's of liberty emerged, and led resistances against the Stamp Act decrying 'No Taxation without Representation!'
Corbett PhD, P. Scott and Janseen PhD, Volker. U.S. History (Rice University, 2016), Accessed June 18, 2017, http://cnx.org/content/col11740/1.3 -
The Stamp Act.
Stamp Act introduced in 1765 required that any printed materials had to have a revenue stamp on it. This was to help the British government pay for the troops stationed in the colonies. The colonists resisted to this Act as a direct tax without representation. this culminated in protests of 'No Taxation Without Representation!' Corbett PhD, P. Scott and Janseen PhD, Volker. U.S. History (Rice University, 2016), Accessed June 18, 2017, http://cnx.org/content/col11740/1.3 -
The Quartering Act of 1765
British parliament passed the Quartering Act in 1765, to help further solve the problems of the troops stationed in the North American colonies. This Act required the colonists provide housing and food for the troops. This colonists also did trust presence of troops in the colonies when there was no war going on.
Corbett PhD, P. Scott and Janseen PhD, Volker. U.S. History (Rice University, 2016), Accessed June 18, 2017, http://cnx.org/content/col11740/1.3 -
Andrew Oliver resigned.
Due to Son's of Liberty violent protests, Andrew Oliver resigned after one day on the job as the distributor of stamps. The Son's of Liberty also attacked Massachusetts Governor Thomas Hutchinson's home for supporting the Stamp Act. They burned down his house when he refused to renounce the Stamp Act. Son's of Liberty aimed to have all appointed stamp collectors resign. Corbett et al. U.S. History (Rice University, 2016), Accessed June 18, 2017, http://cnx.org/content/col11740/1.3 -
Burning of effigy of Andrew oliver
On August 14, 1765, effigy of Andrew Oliver was burnt. Andrew oliver had been named the Massachusetts Distributor stamps, in line with Stamp Act. This was led by the Son's of Liberty. Corbett PhD, P. Scott and Janseen PhD, Volker. U.S. History (Rice University, 2016), Accessed June 18, 2017, http://cnx.org/content/col11740/1.3 -
Arrival of new troops in New York
New troops arrived in New York in 1766, and the New York assembly refused to to follow the Quartering Act which required that the colonists provide housing and food for the troops.
Corbett PhD, P. Scott and Janseen PhD, Volker. U.S. History (Rice University, 2016), Accessed June 18, 2017, http://cnx.org/content/col11740/1.3 -
Daughter's of Liberty led boycott of British goods
In 1766, Daughter's of Liberty protested the Stamp Act by refusing to buy British goods. They particularly boycotted tea and linen, and threatened anyone who continued to buy British goods or using stamped paper. Corbett PhD, P. Scott and Janseen PhD, Volker. U.S. History (Rice University, 2016), Accessed June 18, 2017, http://cnx.org/content/col11740/1.3 -
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Resistance to British control by the colonists
As the British government moved with various legislations and other methods to put the colonies under better British government control resistance in the colonies started to emerge and to gain momentum. -
Repeal of Stamp Act
On March 3rd, 1766, Lord Rockingham, the new British Prime Minister repealed the Stamp Act which led to great celebrations by the colonists, but the Prime Minister also proposed the Declaratory Act, which stated that British parliament's powers were supreme over the British colonies. Corbett PhD, P. Scott and Janseen PhD, Volker. U.S. History (Rice University, 2016), Accessed June 18, 2017, http://cnx.org/content/col11740/1.3 -
Townshend Revenue Acts
The Townshend Revenue Acts were a series of Acts passed by the British government in 1767 levying taxation duties on various items that had to be imported to the colonies from Great Britain. Corbett PhD, P. Scott and Janseen PhD, Volker. U.S. History (Rice University, 2016), Accessed June 18, 2017, http://cnx.org/content/col11740/1.3 -
New York Restraing Act of 1767
This New York restraining Act of 1767 disbanded the New York Assembly till it agreed to comply with the Quartering Act. Eventually the New agreed to pay for the troops stationed in the colony. -
The Indemnity Act of 1767
The Indemnity Act of 1767 exempted the British East Company from paying taxes on the tea it imported to Great Britain. However, when the same tea was re-exported to the British colonies they colonies had to pay taxes. Corbett PhD, P. Scott and Janseen PhD, Volker. U.S. History (Rice University, 2016), Accessed June 18, 2017, http://cnx.org/content/col11740/1.3 -
The Commisioners of Customs Act of 1767
The commissioners of Customs Act of 1767 created Customs Board for North American Colonies to enforce the trade regulations and to prosecute violators especially the smugglers. This greatly stopped the smuggling at the seaport. Corbett PhD, P. Scott and Janseen PhD, Volker. U.S. History (Rice University, 2016), Accessed June 18, 2017, http://cnx.org/content/col11740/1.3 -
British Sends 4000 troops to Boston
In September 1768, Secratary of State Lord Hillosborough sent 4000 troops to restore in Boston. This was to deal with the unrest against the British in Boston. Corbett PhD, P. Scott and Janseen PhD, Volker. U.S. History (Rice University, 2016), Accessed June 18, 2017, http://cnx.org/content/col11740/1.3 -
Massachusetts Circular Letter sent
In 1768, a Massachusetts Circular was sent by the Massachusetts House of Representatives to other legislatures laying out the basis of unconstitutionality of taxation without representation. It encouraged other colonies to boycott British goods to protest against the taxes. Britain Secretary of State demanded be the letter be retracted, and warned any colonial assembly that endorsed it would be dissolved. Corbett et al. U.S. History (Rice University, 2016), http://cnx.org/content/col11740/1.3 -
Ship 'Liberty' Seized by Custom officials
John Hancock ship 'Liberty' was seized by custom officials for refusal to pay custom taxes. John Hancock was one of the prominent merchants in Boston who was benefiting from smuggling of goods at the Boston seaport. Bostonians rioted, fought with British soldiers, and attacked customs officials houses at the seizure of this the ship. Corbett PhD, P. Scott and Janseen PhD, Volker. U.S. History (Rice University, 2016), Accessed June 18, 2017, http://cnx.org/content/col11740/1.3 -
The Vice-Admiralty Court Act
The Vice-Admiralty Court Act established three more vice admiralty courts in Boston, Philadelphia, and Charleston. The admiralty courts were courts without juries that were established to try custom regulator violators. The judges in these courts were kept a percentage of what they recovered. Corbett PhD, P. Scott and Janseen PhD, Volker. U.S. History (Rice University, 2016), Accessed June 18, 2017, http://cnx.org/content/col11740/1.3 -
Boston Massacre
Boston Massacre on March 5th, 1770. A clash between protesters and British soldiers who had been sent to enforce the taxation Acts left five people shot dead by the British soldier and eight others wounded. History.com. http://www.history.com/topics/american-revolution/boston-massacre -
The Tea Act of 1773
The Tea Act of 1773 gave British India Company monopoly of selling tea in the British colonies without middlemen and without paying any taxes. This greatly undercut the smugglers because it made this tea much cheaper than the smuggler's. Colonists responded by boycotting the British tea. Corbett PhD, P. Scott and Janseen PhD, Volker. U.S. History (Rice University, 2016), Accessed June 18, 2017, http://cnx.org/content/col11740/1.3 -
Boston Tea Party
In December, 1773 colonists disguising themselves as Mohawk Indians boarded three British ships at night and dumped tea worth millions of dollars into the sea.British government insisted the the British East India Company must be repaid, which Massachusetts Assembly refused to do. Corbett PhD, P. Scott and Janseen PhD, Volker. U.S. History (Rice University, 2016), Accessed June 18, 2017, http://cnx.org/content/col11740/1.3 -
The Coercive Acts
British parliament enacted Coercive Acts in 1774 to punish the perpetrators of the destruction of British tea at the Boston Tea Party. The bill also shut down the Boston port until the British East India Company was repaid their losses. Corbett PhD, P. Scott and Janseen PhD, Volker. U.S. History (Rice University, 2016), Accessed June 18, 2017, http://cnx.org/content/col11740/1.3 -
First Continental Congress
Representative of the First Continental Congress met in Philadelphia Sept 5, 1774. All the colonies except Georgia sent delegates. U.S History. Accessed June 25, 2017, http://www.ushistory.org/us/10d.asp -
The Suffolk Resolves
The suffolk Resolves by the officials Suffolk County, MA was a declaration resolving to boycott imported British goods till the Coercive Acts were repealed by the British government. -
Colonists demand repeal of all Repressive Acts
Colonists demanded repeal of all repressive Acts passed by the British parliament since 1773. They also agreed on no importation, exportation or consumption of all British goods until all the Acts were repealed. Corbett PhD, P. Scott and Janseen PhD, Volker. U.S. History (Rice University, 2016), Accessed June 18, 2017, http://cnx.org/content/col11740/1.3 -
Petition of the Congress to the King
Representatives of the First Continental Congress sent a petition to King George III calling for repeal of what the colonists called the Intolerable Acts. They further recommended the Suffolk Resolves, and proposed the colonies establish their own military. Corbett PhD, P. Scott and Janseen PhD, Volker. U.S. History (Rice University, 2016), Accessed June 18, 2017, http://cnx.org/content/col11740/1.3 -
Period: to
Evolvement of Democracy
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New Hampshire Became 9th state
On June 21, became the 9th state to ratify the federal constitution. The new plan formed the basis for a strong central government. Corbett PhD, P. Scott and Janseen PhD, Volker. U.S. History (Rice University, 2016), Accessed June 18, 2017, http://cnx.org/content/col11740/1.3 -
First U.S Congress
Members of the first U.S congress took their seats on March 4th, 1789. Only the colony of Georgia was not represented. U.S History. “First Continental Congress”Accessed June 25, 2017, http://www.ushistory.org/us/10d.asp -
First major legislation passed
Tariff Act was the first major legislation passed in the United States.It placed duty on imports. It gave the new government a source of revenue. Corbett PhD, P. Scott and Janseen PhD, Volker. U.S. History (Rice University, 2016), Accessed June 18, 2017, http://cnx.org/content/col11740/1.3 -
George Washington elected president
George Washington was elected to become the first president of United States. John Adams became the first vice president. Corbett PhD, P. Scott and Janseen PhD, Volker. U.S. History (Rice University, 2016), Accessed June 18, 2017, http://cnx.org/content/col11740/1.3 -
First Judiciary Act
Congress passed the first Judiciary Act in July 1789, which created a Supreme Court with six judges. -
Foundation of for U.S financial system created
Alexander Hamilton, the first United States Secretary of Treasury created the foundation for the U.S financial system. His significant contribution to the U.S financial system provided a solid financial foundation for the country. Corbett PhD, P. Scott and Janseen PhD, Volker. U.S. History (Rice University, 2016), Accessed June 18, 2017, http://cnx.org/content/col11740/1.3 -
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The Whiskey Rebellion
First U.S Treasury Secretary, Alexander Hamilton's financial program saw the implementation of excise tax on liquor which led to the protests of the 'The Whiskey rebellion.' These protests were significant in the frontier of PA and GA where farmers produced whiskey from grains as a part of their economic activity. There were alsol calls of secession from United States. Simon, Steve. “Alexander Hamilton And The Whiskey Tax.” https://www.ttb.gov/public_info/special_feature.shtml -
The whiskey tax
This was the first tax levied on a domestic product. The new u.S government established this tax to raise revenue to help reduce the $54 million debt. Farmers particularly in Western PA vehemently resisted this tax and began to organized resistance at Redstone Fort, PA. The 1791 Excise Whiskey Taxhttp://history.house.gov/HistoricalHighlight/Detail/35785 Scanlon, Donna. “The Whiskey Rebellion.” The Library of Congress. https://www.loc.gov/rr/business/businesshistory/August/whiskeyrebellion.html -
Bill of Rights adopted
United States adopted the Bill of Rights in 1791. It outlined the personal rights that state constitutions already guaranteed. It also gave the new federal government more legitimacy and softened the anti-federalists opposition to the new constitution. Transcript of Bill of Rights (1791) https://www.ourdocuments.gov/doc.php?flash=true&doc=13&page=transcript -
Militia Act of 1792
Congress passed the Militia Act of 1792. This required every able bodied man between the ages of 18-42 to be enrolled in the militia. Corbett PhD, P. Scott and Janseen PhD, Volker. U.S. History (Rice University, 2016), Accessed June 18, 2017, http://cnx.org/content/col11740/1.3 -
The Peace commision
The peace commission consisting of Attorney William Bradford, PA Senator James Ross and PA Supreme Court justice Jasper Yates met with the whiskey rebels for several days, but reported on on Sept 24, 1792 that military authority was needed to execute the laws. Corbett PhD, P. Scott and Janseen PhD, Volker. U.S. History (Rice University, 2016), Accessed June 18, 2017, http://cnx.org/content/col11740/1.3 -
Militia entered Western counties of PA
In late October the militia started entering the western counties of Pennsylvania, and the rebel resistance started to crumble. No fighting took place between the troops and the rebels. Scanlon, Donna. “The Whiskey Rebellion.” The Library of Congress. Accessed June 25, 2017, https://www.loc.gov/rr/business/businesshistory/August/whiskeyrebellion.html -
whiskey rebellion rebels arrested
By mid November, 150 rebels, including 20 of their leaders had been arrested. However, on November 29 1794, all but 33 were pardoned by President George Washington. Only a few were tried and two were convicted, but were later pardoned. Scanlon, Donna. “The Whiskey Rebellion.” The Library of Congress. Accessed June 25, 2017, https://www.loc.gov/rr/business/businesshistory/August/whiskeyrebellion.html -
Home of tax inspector General attacked
One of the greatest turning point of the rebellion when home of the Federal Tax Inspector general John Neville was attacked by about 600 men commanded by Major James McFarlane who was a war veteran. Corbett PhD, P. Scott and Janseen PhD, Volker. U.S. History (Rice University, 2016), Accessed June 18, 2017, http://cnx.org/content/col11740/1.3 -
George Washington issued proclamation against whiskey rebels
In August 1794, President George Washington issued a proclamation calling on the rebels for cessation of violence and obstruction of justice. The rebels did not heed to the proclamation George Washington: Proclamation—Cessation of Violence and Obstruction of Justice in Protest of Liquor Laws in Pennsylvania - August 7, 1794
http://www.presidency.ucsb.edu/ws/index.php?pid=65477
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Washington's militia gather at Carlisle, PA
Washington's militia of 13,000 militia gathered at Carlisle, PA and on Sept 19, 1794 The president himself began leading the troops towards Allegheny Mountains to confront the rebels. Corbett PhD, P. Scott and Janseen PhD, Volker. U.S. History (Rice University, 2016), Accessed June 18, 2017, http://cnx.org/content/col11740/1.3 -
Congress repealed the Distilled spirits excise tax
In 1802, U.S Congress repealed the distilled spirits and all other internal Federal taxes and the government began relying on import tariffs to generate revenue. Simon, Steve. “Alexander Hamilton And The Whiskey Tax.” Alcohol and Tobacco Tax and Trade Bureau. Accessed June 25, 2017, https://www.ttb.gov/public_info/special_feature.shtml “The Stono Rebellion”. Library of congress. Accessed June 25, 2017 https://www.loc.gov/item/today-in-history/september-09/
