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Chinese Civil War 1945 to 1949
(USSR's pro-Kuomintang policy - Soviet strategic considerations) -
Creation of Communist China
People's Republic of China (PRC) -
Sino-Soviet Treaty of Friendship
Official Sino-Soviet alliance -
Start of Korean War
PRC now tied very closely to USSR and needed Soviet economic and military aid -
Death of Stalin
Mao now saw himself as the most senior Communist leader -
Khrushchev visited China
His first visit as Soviet leader - forced to make many concessions to Mao -
20th Party Congress of CPSU
Concept of peaceful of peaceful coexistence; separate roads to socialism; de-Stalinisation -
Sino-Soviet agreement to share nuclear technology
October 1957 -
Start of Great Leap Forward
China's attempt to jump from socialism to communism (ideological differences) -
Shelling of Quemoy and Matsu
USSR only committed to defensive support for China -
USSR broke the 1957 agreement
Refused to share nuclear technology with China -
Tibetan-Indian Border Conflict
USSR took a neutral stand; even gave US$378 million credit to India; followed by Khrushchev's visit to USA (details) -
Khrushchev threatened nuclear strikes
Response to Chinese charge that he was soft on capitalism -
USSR withdrew all technical assistance to China
Soviet technicians and specialists and all bueprints -
Open Split between USSR and PRC
(Evidence of ideological differences) 22nd Party Congress of CPSU -
Cuban Missile Crisis and Sino-Indian War
PRC criticised Soviet weaknesses for backing down to USA in CMC; Soviets then supported India against PRC -
Khrushchev fell from power!!!
Rise of Leonid Brezhnev to power -
China successfully tested its atomic bomb
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Start of Cultural Revolution in China
China in domestic chaos and vulnerable to Soviet aggression -
Soviet blockade at Domansky/Zhenbao
To enforce Moscow's reading of 1860 Russo-Chinese treaty --> link to subsequent 1969 border war (China's national security?) -
Brezhnev Doctrine
Threat to China's national security interests -
Sino-Soviet border conflict
Territorial dispute (threat to national security) -
Sino-US Rapprochement
Nixon visited Communist China - 1st US President to do so -
Death of Mao Zedong
Rise of Deng Xiaoping to power -
End of Soviet blockade at Zhenbao
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Soviet-Vietnamese Treaty of Friendship
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Vietnam invaded Kampuchea
USSR supported Vietnam while PRC supported Kampuchea -
China invaded Vietnam
To punish Vietnam's invasion of Kampuchea -
Soviet invasion of Afghanistan
Threat to China's security interests?