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Jun 15, 1215
Magna Carta
Image Source"The Great Charter" that came about after King John II failed to defeat the nobles who rebelled against his power because he went against the feudal system by introducing high taxes. This charter provided a list of liberties that the governed have and included written promises between the King and his people that he would rule over them according to feudal law. This was the first attempt by the nobles in England to limit the absolute power of a king to levy taxes and demand men for military. -
Period: Jun 15, 1215 to
Events leading to limited monarchy
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Dec 14, 1264
Parliament Established
Image SourceThe English Parliament was established originally in the year, 1215, but only came to establish two houses by 1264. The two houses, House of Commons and House of Lords, were originally established to advise the kings in his decison making process. However, they later became the strength that overcame the absolute rule of the king and helped establish England as a limited monarchy. -
Petition of Right
Image Source This document was passed in Parliament due to Charles I's diregard to the law and his abuse of absolute power. Some powers it limited from the king included the power to tax without Parliament's permission, the power to provide housing for soldiers, and the power to imprison without proving guilt first. These were all in response to the Thirty Years War. By limiting the king's power, this petition led to limited monarchy. -
English Civil War
Image SourceThe English Civil War broke out between the "Roundheads" who supported the Parliament and were led by Oliver Cromwell and the "Cavaliers" who supported the king. It erupted due to Charles I's disregard of Parliament in any decisions he made such as money needed to fund wars. The war ultimately resulted in Parliament taking control and establishing limited power in the hands of the monarchy. -
Charles I's Execution
Image SourceThis event, following the English Civil War, was very significant because it showed that the people were not going to sit around while an absolute ruler would disregard Parliament and make laws on his own accord. Even though the King had "divine right," it did not stop the people from overthrowing him to demand protection of their rights. This showed all future kings that they cannot rule with absolute power and they must follow a limited monarchy. -
Glorious Revolution
Image SourceThe Glorious Revolution was the epitome of how Parliament took control and peacefully overthrew King James II who was an absolute monarch. This resulted in William and Mary taking over the throne and they began the era of limited monarchy. This event shows the people's desperation to get rid of a ruler who abuses his power and instill a need for controlled and limited power. William and Mary worked together with Parliament shown by their election to power. -
English Bill of Rights
Image Source William and Mary signed this document, even though it tremendously limited their powers, in exchange for the throne. It prevented ruler's intervention in things such as taxes, petitions, right to bear arms, etc. It resulted in the protection of individual rights and limited the possibility of absolute monarchy. This was the final step in a long journey to attain a controlled, yet effective government.
