-
105
Economic China
Paper was invented in China. 105 C.E. -
107
Economic Rome
The social unrest reached a new level when a talented military leader name Gaius Marius was elected consul. 107 B.C. -
202
Cultural Rome
Scipio routed Hannibal's forces on the plain of Zama outside Carthage and took the city, ending the Second Punic War. 202 B.C. -
246
Cultural Rome
Violence broke out between Rome and Carthage in 264 BC, this was the beginning of the First Punic War. -
256
Political Rome
The Romans had defeated the Etruscans and the Greek Cities in the Southern italy. As the Romans conquered Italy they generally imposed few conditions on their subject peoples. 256 B.C. -
300
Interaction with Environment Rome
The Romans began to elect magistrates called praetors. Peators could also act for the consuls when the consuls were at war. When Rome began to spread the consuls and praetors were usually given military commands. -
300
Economic China
The Qin dynasty replaced the Zhou dynasty. It would fall due to a peasant rebel. 300 B.C. -
370
Economic Greece
Sparta had the most powerful army in Greece, the spartan people paid a high price for the military supremacy. 600- 370 B.C. -
400
Political Middle Ages
In the years of upheaval between 400 and 600, small Germanic kingdoms replaced Roman provinces. The borders of those kingdoms changed constantly with the fortunes of war. -
450
Political Rome
Around 450 BC, the plebeians forced the patricians to have all laws written down. -
450
Political Rome
The law of the Twelve Tables, this was a thing sometime around 450 BC, was rome's first written law code. The laws protected both the lenders and borrowers. -
470
Social Greece
Athens emerged to Delian League. This grew into 200 city-states. 470 B.C. -
500
Interaction with Environment Greece
The athenian leader Cleisthenes broke power of the nobility and organized people into 10 groups where they lived on their wealth. -
511
Interaction with Environment Middle Ages
By 511, Clovis had united the Franks into one kingdom. The strategic alliance between Clovis’s Frankish kingdom and the Church marked the start of a partnership between two powerful forces. -
520
Social Middle Ages
Around 520, an Italian monk named Benedict began writing a book describing a strict yet practical set of rules for monasteries. Benedict’s sister, Scholastica headed a convent and adapted the same rules for women. These guidelines became a model for many other religious communities in western Europe. -
551
Cultural China
Confucius was born. He developed 5 relationships to organize China in a time of crisis.
551 B.C. -
564
Cultural Greece
The Persian War began between the greek and persian empire. the persians conquered the area. 546 B.C. -
Dec 5, 600
Social Middle Ages
By 600, the Church, with the help of Frankish rulers, had converted many Germanic peoples. These new converts had settled in Rome’s former lands. -
Dec 4, 621
Political Greece
The first democratic a nobleman Draco took power. He develop a legal code. 621B.C. -
Dec 4, 650
Social Greece
Messenians resented Spartans harsh rule. But turned into a city state. 650 B.C. -
Dec 5, 700
Economic Middle Ages
Leather saddles and stirrups changed the
way warfare was conducted in Europe during the 700s. Both had been developed. The saddle kept a warrior firmly seated on a moving horse. Stirrups enabled him to ride and handle heavier weapons. Without stirrups to brace him, a charging warrior was likely to topple off his own horse. -
Dec 4, 725
Economic Greece
Sparta conquered the neighboring region Messenia and took over the land. Messenians became peasants forced to stay on the land and work. 725 B.C. -
Dec 5, 731
Economic Middle Ages
In 731, the Venerable Bede, an English monk, wrote a history of England. Scholars still consider it the best historical work of the early Middle Ages. In the 600s and 700s, monks made beautiful copies of religious writings, decorated with ornate letters and brilliant pictures. -
Dec 5, 732
Interaction with Environment Middle Ages
Charles Martel also defeated Muslim raiders from Spain at the Battle of Tours in 732. This battle was highly significant for Christian Europeans. If the Muslims had won, western Europe might have become part of the Muslim Empire. -
Dec 4, 750
Poloitical China
A city-state was the fundamental political unit in ancient greece. New city-states were joining and appearing. 750 B.C. -
Dec 4, 750
Cultural Greece
Homer Methods composed epics and narrative poems, called the Iliad. 700-750 B.C. -
Dec 3, 771
political China
nomads from the north and west came in to attack the Zhou capital and murder the Zhou monarch. Thier government failed and chaos happened. 771B.C. -
Dec 4, 1000
Interaction with Environment China
Zhou brought the Mandate of heaven to power. it chose the leader and became central to the government. 1000 B.C. -
Dec 3, 1027
Political china
The Zhou dynasty came in and established their own dynasty and overthrew the shang dynasty. 1027B.C. -
Dec 3, 1027
political China
The Shang Dynasty lasted from 1700B.C. - 1027B.C. First dynasty in Chinese records. -
Dec 4, 1100
Interaction with Environment Greece
From 1600 to 1100 B.C. Mycenae could withstand from any attack warrior kings surrounded the village and farms.
Strong rulers controlled the area. -
Dec 4, 1100
Economic Egypt
Upper and Lower Egypt split. This calls for new ruling. 1100 B.C. -
Dec 5, 1100
Economic Middle Ages
Knights were expected to display courage in battle and loyalty to their lord. By the 1100s, the code of chivalry, a complex set of ideals, demanded that a knight fight bravely in defense of three masters.Sons of nobles began training for knighthood at an early age and learned the code of chivalry. At age 7, a boy would be sent off to the castle of another lord. As a page, he waited on his hosts and began to practice fighting skills. At around age 14, the page reached the rank of squire. -
Dec 4, 1200
Economic Greece
Sea riders attacked and burned mycenaean cities
they were invaded and became weaker. around 1200 B.C. -
Dec 4, 1200
Interaction with Environment Greece
Trojan war was fought between the mycenaeans and troy
trojan war lasted 10 years. 1200 B.C.E. -
Dec 3, 1368
Cultural China
The last Chinese dynasty was the Ming, which lasted from C.E. 1368 to 1644. It was famous for its exquisite arts and crafts. -
Dec 4, 1500
Economic Indus Valley
1500 B.C. Aryans, who were nomadic people, came into the Indus valley and Indian civilizations grow again under the influence of the nomads. -
Dec 4, 1500
Social Greece
Mycenaean civilization came into contact with the Minoan through seaborne trade. This lead to more trade and expansion of new ideas and products. 1500 B.C. -
Dec 4, 1530
Economic Mesopotamia
Babylonia is conquered by the Kassites. They rule the area for 400+ years. 1530 B.C. -
Interaction with Environment China
Chinese had their own written language. it didn’t link to their written language. 1600 B.C. -
interaction with Environment egypt
Hyksos ruled Egypt. They were the “rulers of foreign lands”.
1630-1523 B.C. -
Social Egypt
Middle Kingdom was brought to an end. Hyksos moved from Palestine across the Isthmus of Suez into Egypt. 1640 B.C. -
Social Egypt
Egyptians created thousands of new acres of farmland by draining the swamps of lower Egypt. They also built huge dikes to trap and channel Nile’s floodwaters for irrigation. 2040-1640 B.C. -
Social China
The higher class people lived in timber framed houses made of straw and clay while the lower class just lived in little huts. 1700 B.C. -
Social China
The peasants were the next most important people because they were the ones who produced the food for the entire country. 1700 B.C. -
Social China
Scholars were the most highly respected people because they had the ability to read and write the complicated Chinese writing system. Scholars often worked for the government as
civil servants. 1700 B.C. -
Cultural Indus Valley
Cities near the river suffered great disasters. Those who survived had no way to farm and died. 1750 B.C. -
Cultural Indus Valley
Quality of building in Indus Valley declined. This started the end to Indus civilization. 1750 B.C. -
Economic Mesoptamia
Hammurabi had a code of laws created due to the unsafe village. He used it to unify diverse groups in his empire
1792 B.C. -
Economic Mesopotamia
Babylonian empire came to its’ end during the rise of Hammurabi. Hammurabi was well known for creating his code of laws. 1792-1750 B.C. -
Political Indus Valley
Harappan created a written language with about 400 symbols. It cannot be deciphered to this day. 1800 B.C. -
Social Rome
After Crassus died, Caesar and Pompey go into a civil war, Caesar wins and got full control over the Republic. The Senate then later declared him as the dictator for life. 44 B.C. -
Economic Rome
Julius Caesar was one of the most powerful men in the Roman Republic. He was the Governor of the province of Gaul the winner of dozen of battles, a charismatic leader, and a powerful public speaker. 50 B.C. -
Social Rome
Pompey, Caesar, Crassus, all took over the Roman Republic as the First Triumvirate. This meant three men ruled. 60 B.C. -
Political Mesopotamia
Sumerians’ city-states were at war numerous times. This formed the role of leadership.
3000-2000 B.C. -
Interaction with Environment China
Settlements began to grow as china's first new cities. at this time the chinese first dynasty, the xia dynasty was first created. 2000 B.C. -
Social Indus Valley
Indus River brought yearly floods. This caused either too much rain, too little rain, or a perfect balance that was unpredictable.
2000 B.C. -
Social Indus Valley
Monsoons dominated India’s climates. They suffered anything from a blowing of dry air to blowing of great moisture and rain.
2000 B.C. -
Economic Egypt
Mentuhotep II gained control of entire country. Agriculture advanced. 2005 B.C. -
interaction with Environment Egypt
Villages of Egypt were under control of Lower Egypt and Upper Egypt. They were said to be under the control of Narmer.
3200 B.C. -
Interaction wiht Environment Rome
The conflict between these two cities eventually grew into a series of three wars. This was called the Punic Wars, they continued on and off for nearly 80 years. 246-146 B.C. -
Cultural China
Literature and arts flourished under the ruling of the Tang Dynasty. C.E. 618-907 -
Political Greece
Solon the democratic made democratic reforms stating no one person should own another person. outlawing slavery. 594B.C. -
Cultural Greece
The Persian fleet carried 25,000 men across the Aegean Sea and landed northeast of Athens. 490 B.C. -
Social Rome
When invaders threatened Rome in 494 BC, the plebeians seceded or withdrew, then left Rome. -
Interaction with Environment Rome
The Etruscans ruled Rome until 509 BC, when the Romans revolted and threw out their last king. -
Cultural Rome
Rome decided to destroy its old enemy for the last time. They declared war for the 3rd time. 149 B.C. -
Political Middle Ages
The mayor of the palace in 719,Charles Martel held more power than the king. Charles Martel extended the Franks’ reign to the
north, south, and east. -
Political Middle Ages
In 800, Charlemagne traveled to Rome to crush an unruly mob that had attacked the pope. In gratitude, Pope Leo III crowned him emperor. The coronation was historic. -
Cultural Middle Ages
Different dialects developed as new words and phrases became part of everyday speech. By the 800s, French, Spanish, and other Roman based languages had evolved from Latin. The development of various languages mirrored the continued breakup of a once-unified empire. -
Cultural Middle Ages
Charlemagne spread Christianity. He reunited western Europe for the first time since the Roman Empire. By 800, Charlemagne’s empire was larger than the Byzantine Empire. He had become the most powerful king in western Europe. -
Cultural Middle Ages
In 911, two former enemies faced each other in a peace ceremony. Rollo was the head of a Viking army. Rollo and his men had been plundering the rich Seine River valley for years. -
Economic Rome
The Carthaginian general Hannibal led a well-trained army and a force of war elephants across the Pyrenees and the Alps to invade Italy. For many years Hannibal dominated the Italian country-side, defeating one Roman army after another. 218 B.C. -
Economic China
The grand canal was built. 581C.E. -
Social Middle Ages
In 590, Gregory I, also called Gregory the Great, became pope. As head of the Church in Rome, Gregory broadened the authority of the papacy, or pope’s office, beyond its spiritual role. -
Interaction with Environment Middle Ages
From about 800 to 1000, invasions destroyed the Carolingian Empire. Muslim invaders from the south seized Sicily and raided Italy. In 846, they sacked Rome. Magyar invaders struck from the east. -
Social Egypt
Kings, Queens, priests, and wealthy landowners stand above merchants who are above farmers and peasants. 2032 B.C. -
political Egypt
The Middle Kingdom restored law and order. Egyptians improved trade and transportation by digging a canal from the Nile to the Red Sea. 2040-1640 B.C. -
political Egypt
Egyptians developed hieroglyphics. Unlike cuneiform it was written on papyrus reeds. 2042 B.C. -
Interaction with Environment Egypt
Egyptians created the calendar with 365 days. They used it to keep track of when to plant according to flooding. 2043 B.C. -
Cultural Egypt
Egyptians developed a system of written numbers for counting, adding, and subtraction. They used the system to collect taxes.
2144 B.C. -
Cultural Mesopotamia
Sargon’s dynasty came to an end due to violence, invasions, and a famine. It was the end to the first empire.
2150 B.C. -
political Egypt
Power of the pharaohs declined Which marked the end of the Old Kingdom. 2180 B.C. -
Cultural Mesoptamia
Cuneiform was created by Sumerians. It was written on clay tablets recording events, astronomy, chemistry, and medicine.
2300 B.C. -
Cultural Mesopotamia
Sargon defeated the city states of Sumer. He led an army from Akkad, which was north of sumer. He helped spread the culture and create the first empire.
2350 B.C. -
Political Mesopotamia
Arithmetic, geometry, architectural innovations, and Cuneiform were formed by Sumerians. They developed language and measurement accuracy.
2500 B.C. -
Interaction with Environment Mesopotamia
Sumerians believed their many gods controlled different forces of nature. To impress them they built ziggurats.
2500 B.C. -
Interaction with Environment Mesopotamia
Sumerian city-states were ruled by dynasties. Leadership kept villages in place, an important part of Sumerian society.
2500 B.C. -
Interaction with Environment Mesopotamia
Manny settlers gather and traded ideas within Sumerian city-states. Cultural diffusion helped other cultures to experience new things and improve based on what they learned from others.
2500 B.C. -
Economic Egypt
Egyptians built pyramids as burial sites for the pharaohs. Egyptians made the advancement of building huge pyramids. 2500 B.C. -
Social Indus Valley
Indus civilization rose in part of India and Pakistan. It had flat fertile land formed by the Indus and Ganges River. 2500 B.C. -
Political Indus Valley
Indus Valley created an impressive city plan. They laid the city in a precise grid system. 2500 B.C. -
Political Indus Valley
Indus Valley filled their streets with buildings made of oven baked bricks. They also developed a plumbing and sewage system.
2500 B.C. -
Interaction with Environment Indus Valley
Indus Valley’s largest cities were Kalibangan, Mohenjo-Daro, and Harappa. The civilization was called Harappan civilization.
2500 B.C. -
Interaction with Environment Indus Valley
People of Indus Valley began laying bricks to build the city. They built earthen walls to keep water out of the city. 2500 B.C. -
Economic Indus Valley
In 2500 B.C., what is now called Pakistan was India’s first created civilization. The first cities were building and first to use brick. started using levees and walls to hold out the water. -
Cultural Indus Valley
Trading began on the Indus River. They traded with Mesopotamians and brought luxury goods to Sumer.
2600 B.C. -
cultural Egypt
Start of the Old Kingdom. Pyramids reflect the strength of Egypt and show the economic strength and technology. 2660 B.C. -
Cultural Egypt
Pharaohs became Egypt's kings and were viewed as gods. This type of government was called theocracy. 2660 B.C. -
Social Mesopotamia
Sumerians built Uruk, Kish, Langash, Umma, and Ur. These city states were the beginning of civilization. 3000 B.C. -
Political Mesopotamia
Wars began to develop and priests were responsible for their own government while military leaders lead the city. Priests and kings were at the highest rank in the social class.
3000 B.C. -
Economic Indus Valley
By 3200 B.C., the people were farming and improving agriculture in villages by the Indus river. -
Social Mesopotamia
Sumerians faced many environmental challenges where they settled. Sumerians dealt with floods or no rain at all and they had no natural resources. 3300 B.C. -
Social Mesopotamia
Sumerians were introduced as settlers coming for good soil. They created many tools and technology. 3300 B.C -
Interaction with Environment Indus Valley
People were farming along the Indus River. They were among the first ever.
7000 B.C.