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Nazi-Soviet pact
On 1939, representatives from Nazi Germany and the Soviet Union met and signed the Nazi-Soviet Non-Aggression Pact, which guaranteed that the two countries would not attack each other. By signing this pact, Germany had protected itself from having to fight a two-front war in the soon-to-begin World War II; the Soviet Union was awarded land, including parts of Poland and the Baltic States. The pact was broken when Nazi Germany attacked the Soviet Union less than two years later. -
Invasion of Poland
It was a military action of Nazi Germany.
The invasion of Poland was the first of the military aggression of Germany. The Polish Army was easily defeatedbecause it couln't won against the German troops. However, the fall of Poland would be accelerated by the invasion by the Soviet Union on 17 September and the absence of help from its allies United Kingdom and France. -
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Second World War
The largest and most bloody of universal history armed conflict in which the allied powers and the axis powers faced. Armed forces of more than 70 countries participated in aerial, naval and ground fighting.
The Second World War can be considered a continuation of the World War I because it left many disputes unresolved. -
Phoney War
France and Britain were waiting for Hitler's next move and Hitler was waiting to see if they would make peace. Soon Hitler realized they wouldn't, so the Germans planned an offensive in the West. -
German Invasion of Western Europe
The campaign against the Low Countries and France lasted less than six weeks. Initially, British and French commanders had believed that German forces would attack through central Belgium and rushed forces to the Franco-Belgian border to meet the German attack. However, the German attack went through southeastern Belgium and northern Luxembourg. -
Battle of Britain
This was a battle between Goering's Luftwaffe and the Royal Air Force for the control of the English Channel. The Luftwaffe began air raids on convoys in the Channel in July, air fields on August 12, and radar stations. British planes were outnumbered but possessed better fighter planes and had advanced radar. Hitler tried to break the will of the British but failed and postponed the invasion at the end of September. This was the first time Hitler had been denied conquest. -
Attack of the USSR
Hitler declared that he wanted to attack the Soviet Union because it would give Germany the space and resources needed for his master world. He also wanted to strike before England and the Union made an alliance. From July 1941 till the invasion, Hitler began to build his forces on the Eastern Front.Hitler's campaign against the Soviet Union started by sending 7.2 million troops into the Soviet land. -
The War of the Motherland
The war of the Motherland is the term given by the Soviets to the war against nazi Germany during the second world war.The Soviet republics lost approximately 27 million people, in a war that began with the nazi invasion of the Soviet Union on June 22, 1941, and ended with the fall of Berlin on May 3, 1945 at the hands of the Red Army. -
Operation Barbarossa
It was the plan named by Hitler to invade the Soviet Union. This operation opened the eastern front, which became the place of battles and brutal conflicts in Europe. Operation Barbarossa meant a hard attack to the unprepared Soviet forces. When the winter arrived the German's plan failed and the Red Army attacked. -
Pearl Harbor
The attack on Pearl Harbor was a surprise military offensive carried out by the Imperial Japanese Navy against the United States naval base. The attack was intended to be a preventive action to avoid the intervention of the fleet of the Pacific of the United States in military action that the Empire of Japan was planning to carry out in Southeast Asia against the outlying possessions of the United Kingdom, the Netherlands and the United States own. -
Pacific War
Japan began its expansion in China, starting the second Sino-Japanese war. After two battles with the Soviet Union, Japan occupied Indochina. The United Kingdom, the United States and other nations responded by imposing an economic punsihment that threatened the small country. Then Japan attacked territories controlled by the United States, the United Kingdom, Thailand and Holland in December 1941. -
Battle of Midway
The battle of Midway was a naval conflict fought between 4 and 7 June 1942 during the second world war. The U.S. Navy detained the Japanese attempt to invade Midway Atoll. The Japanese defeat was a serious obstacle to its expansion plans for the rest of the Pacific and was a turning point in the whole of the conflict. -
First battle of El Alamein
The first battle of El Alamein was a battle of the Western Desert Campaign of the Second World War, fought on the northern coast of Egypt between Axis forces of the Panzer Army Africa and Allied forces of the British Eighth Army commanded by General Claude Auchinleck. -
Battle of Stalingrad
The Battle of Stalingrad was a major battle in which Nazi Germany and its allies fought the Soviet Union for control of the city of Stalingrad (now Volgograd) in the southwestern Soviet Union. -
Second Battle of El Alamein
The second Battle of El Alamein took place over 20 days from 23 October near the Egyptian coastal city of El Alamein, and the Allies' victory marked a major turning point in the Western Desert Campaign of the Second World War. It followed the First Battle of El Alamein, which had stalled the Axis advance into Egypt, in August 1942, Lieutenant-General Bernard Montgomery had taken command of the British Eighth Army from General Claude Auchinleck. -
Italian Campaign
Allied forces attacked Sicily using an amphibious attack. The Italian and German troops eventually forced to evacuate, clearing a landing for the Italian mainland. Mussolini and his fascist government was deposed of on September 8, 1943 but was saved by Hitler and placed in the North as a puppet dictator. Allied forces would take Rome on June 4, 1945 and Mussolini would be captured in late April by partisans. This occupied many German troops, making them unavailable to defend France. -
D-Day
On 6th June 1944, portable haroburs (mulberries) and a fuel pipeline laid across the Channel sea bed ot support landings by troops on 5 Normandy beaches: Utah, Omaha, Gold, Juno and Sword. -
Battle of the Bulge
The Battle of the Bulge was the last major offensive by the Germans, launched towards an Allied front in the Ardennes, Belgium. 200,000 German troops attacked 80,000 Allies but were stopped on Christmas day 60 miles in. Bombers flew over Germany nonstop and invasions took place. Soviet and American forces met south of Berlin in April. -
Potsdam Agreements
The Potsdam Conference was a meeting held in Potsdam, and which took place at the Cecilienhof Palace. The participants were the Soviet Union, United Kingdom and United States, the most powerful of the allies who defeated the powers of the axis in the second world war. The heads of Government of these three Nations were the Secretary general of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union, Iósif Stalin, the Prime Minister Winston Churchill and President Harry S. Truman. -
End of the war
After 1942 German forces were retreating and 3 years later were defeated in Berlin on 2 September 1945. The causes of the defeat were:Failure to defeat Britain in 1940.Poor war strategy specially on the Russian Front.Resistance to the Nazis in the Occupied Countries.The US impact on the War, in supplies and troops.The massive size and increasing skill of the Russian army who faced the bulk of the German forces.The turning point was 1942: El Alemain, Stalingrade, Battle of the Atlantic. -
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Cold War
Cold war referred to ideological confrontation which took place during the 20th century, from 1945 until the end of the Soviet Union between 1989 and 1991, among the occidental-capitalista, led by United States, and oriental-comunista blocks, led by the Soviet Union. This confrontation took place at political, ideological, economic, technological, military and informative levels. None of the two blocks never took direct action against each other, that was named "Cold war". -
Truman Doctrine
The Truman doctrine was a political measure created by the United States that could to support free peoples who are resisting the attempts of subjugation by armed minorities or by outside pressures, because they pose a threat to international peace and the national security of the United States. -
Marshall Plan
The Marshall Plan was the American program to aid Europe, in which the United States gave economic support to help rebuild European economies after the end of World War II in order to prevent the spread of Soviet Communism -
NATO
NATO (North Atlantic Treaty Organistaion) was formed by the Western nations in 1949 against the Communism.
NATO was created during the "Cold war" between the United States and its allies in Western Europe and the Soviet Union. The main objective of this organization is to establish an Alliance of regional defense among the powers that make it. -
Korean War
The Korean War was when the the southren portiion of Korea was subject to invasion of the northen portion of Korea. This was due to support of China to North Korea. China assured that the North would win. South Korea then called upon the Truman Doctrine which stated that any country fighting communism would be supported. The North was later repled. -
Stalin's Death
Josef Stalin died on March 5, 1953, of a cerebral hemorrhage. That's the official story. Some say that the head of the KGB Lavrenti Beria may have been responsible for poisoning the dictator. The funeral of Stalin attended so many people that some were trampled to death in the chaos.
Stalin's body was embalmed and placed with Lenin in the red square Tomb. But in 1961, the body was removed silently and buried. -
Geneva Agreement
The Geneva Agreement arranged a settlement which brought about an end to the First Indochina war. The agreement was reached at the end of the Geneva Conference. A ceasefire was signed and France agreed to withdraw its troops from the region. French Indochina was split into three countries: Laos, Cambodia, and Vietnam. Vietnam was to be temporarily divided along the 17th Parallel until elections could be held to unite the country. -
Warsaw Pact
The Warsaw Pact, was a mutual defense treaty between eight communist states of Central and Eastern Europe in existence during the Cold War. The Warsaw Pact was the military complement to the Council for Mutual Economic Assistance, the regional economic organization for the communist states of Central and Eastern Europe. -
Vietnam War
The Vietnam war was a conflict that pitted between 1955 and 1975 to the Republic of Vietnam, supported mainly by the United States, and Vietnam in the North, supported by the Communist bloc, after the end of the war, with the triumph of the Communist North on the South, the Vietnam war was marked in morality and public opinion as the only major defeat in history. -
Sputnik I
The launching of Sputnik I by the Soviet Union began the "space war" with the United States. It was the first artifial satellite that was put in to the Earth's orbit. It helped with research of the atmosphere and travels at 18,000 mi per hour and completing an orbit in 96.2 minutes. -
Bay Pigs Invasion
In 1961, The president Kennedy, autorithed an invasion of Cuba by CIA-trained anti-Castro Cuban exiles. The rebels landed in the Bay of Pigs, but the US didn't give them air support as they had promised, so the rebels were easily defeated. -
Berlin Wall
The Eastern bloc dominated by the Soviets officially claimed that the wall was erected to protect its population of fascist elements that conspired to prevent the will of the people to build a socialist State in East Germany. However, the wall served to prevent the mass emigration that marked to East Germany and the Communist bloc during the aftermath of World War II. -
Cuban Missile Crisis
The Cuban Missile Crisis is how he referred to the conflict between the United States, the Soviet Union and Cuba in October 1962, generated as a result of the discovery by United States bases of Soviet nuclear missiles in Cuban territory -
Alexander Dubcek
He was the president of Czechoslovakia he made many changes:
-Workers were given a greater say in their factories
-Travel to the West was made available for all
-Living standards were to be raised
-Free elections were to be held
-Opposition parites would be permitted -
Helsinki Agreement
The Helsinki Agreement was the final act of the Conference on Security and Co-operation in Europe held in Helsinki. Thirty-three states, including the USA, Canada, and most European states except Albania and Andorra, signed the declaration in an attempt to improve relations between the Communist bloc and the West. -
Soviet Invasion of Afghanistan
Russian paratroopers landed in Kabul, the capital of Afghanistan. The country was already in the civil war. The prime minister tried to keep Muslim tradition within the nation and he wanted more belief in the country. In december, the prime minister, Amin, was shot by the Russians and was replaced by Babrak Kamal. -
Gorbachev and the United Nations
The Soviet leader Mikhail Gorbachev told the United Nations that the countries of Eastern Europe had a choice: the USSR wasn't going to control them any more -
Fall of Communism
-Hungary opened its frontier with Austria
-Free elections in Poland: Solidarity won
-Many east Germans crossed into West Germany
-Anti-Communism demosntraion in Czechoslovakia
-Nikolai Ceauçescu, Romania dictator, was executed after a revolution against his cruel and corrupt regime -
Fall of the Berlin Wall
The fall of the Berlin Wall had begun with the building of the Wall in 1961.
However it took about three decades until the Wall was torn down.Several times people in the Communist countries rised up against the Communist system but they failed.
Travel restrictions are lifted. More than 10,000 East Germans cross the border to West Berlin. -
Treaty on the Final Settlement with Respect to Germany
The Treaty on the Final Settlement with Respect to Germany was negotiated in 1990 between the Federal Republic of Germany and the German Democratic Republic and the Four Powers which occupied Germany at the end of World War II in Europe. In the treaty the Four Powers renounced all rights they held in Germany, allowing a united Germany to become fully sovereign the following year. -
The Fall of the Soviet Union
the Soviet Union grew too big to manage successfully. Several other factors led up to the dissolution of the Soviet Union, including the Afghanistan Quagmire, Perestroika, Decentralization, Glasnost and Chernobyl...
