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14 of April, 1931
With the win of the Republican parties in the municipal elections of the 12th April 1931, the Second Republic was proclamated on 14th April 1931. It was because the Republican parties created a united party in the Pact of San Sebastián and the monarchist parties were divided. The Republican parties won in the capital cities. People celebrated in cities the proclamation of the republic. With this situation the king Alfonso XIII fled the country to live in exile. -
The New Constitution
With the Republic the goverment created a new constitution thet established the foundations of a progressive and democratic republic. The constitution said:
-Spain was a integral state with regional goverments.
-There were universal suffrage
-Non-confesional state
-Individual rights and public and personal freedoms.
-Legislative power in courts and Executive power in the goverment.
The church, the army and the rights parties were against this constitution. -
Happy times at republican school.
During the republic the education was an important objective. The goverment worked to create a new, equality and public education where women also had the oportunity to study. Also they wanted to brought the education to the rural areas and make the edcuation obligatory. -
Land Reform
The goverment of the Republic expropied the lands to the big landowners to give some lands to the farmers and improve their live conditions. A lot of farmers worked to the landowners by few money and some lands also where without crops, so with this reform the goverment wanted to equilibrated the rural world. -
In a demonstration supporting the Estatut (1932)
Lluís Companys was the president of Catalonia that won the elections with the ERC party and he and his party reclamated the Estatut to the goverment. Then he was the president of the Generalitat. The goverment of the second republic gave to Catalonia the autonomy. With this Catalonia achieved political power like the Generalitat. This descentralization of power was other reform of the republican goverment, they gave autonomy estatut to other regions of Spain too like Basc country and Galicia. -
The church and the army are not very happy.
The reforms of the first period of the Republic made a opposition of the Church, the army and the conservative sector of the country. The Republic wanted to separate the Church from the state and also reformate the army. This changes in especially increased the opposition of Church and army. -
The Falange
In 1933 the Falange was created by Jose Antonio Primo de Rivera, the son of the exdictator of Spain. It was a fascist party that then in the Franquisim it will be the unic party. -
Seems that CEDA will win the elections(1933)
With the Casas Viejas incident the goverment of the Republic divided and called to new elections in November 1933. In this case the left parties were divided but the right and center parties were united in the CEDA (Spanish Confederation of Autonomous Rights) led by Gil Robles. The CEDA and the Radical Party won the elections and made a new goverment. This new goverment start to contra-reformig all the changes that the previous goverment did. -
Carme voting for first time.
In the new constitution the universal suffrage was reconised, so women where also called to vote in the elections of 1933 for first time in the Spainsh history. -
Center of Barcelona
The imprisonment of the Catalan goverment caused a revolution in Barcelon as a reaction to the represion of the Spanish goverment. -
Companys and the jailed consellers
When the CEDA won the elections there were a lot of revolutions like the miner revolution in Asturias or the proclamation of the Catalan state. This revolutions were severly repressed by the goverment. The Catalan goverment were imprisioned and the Estatut were suspended. -
Elections 1936
After the revolutions of 1934 the diferences between the CEDA and the Radical Party were more visible and with diferents scandals of some ministers the prime minister called to vote in February 1936. The Frente Popular, an union of left parties, won this elections and formed goverment by a narrow diference with the right parties. This goverment continuing the reforms of the first period of the Republic that the CEDA had been contra-reforming. -
The uncle Francesc in Melilla, seem bad news...
Some militaries like Franco, Mola or Sanjurgo start to organized a coup d'etat in opposition to the Republic. With support of Falagists and a part of the army some generals start the coup in Melilla first and then in all Spain at 17th July of 1936. This coup finished in a long civil war that during until 1939.