-
Period: to
Highlanders as “largest ethnic group to arrive in North American from Britain”
(Campey, 2)
-Primarily coming from Iverness (59%) and settling in Nova Scotia (52%) (Hornsby, 407) -
7 Ships Leave From Ports in the Highlands
-Emigration revving up despite fears of lost skilled workers in Scotland (Campey, 32) -
Isle of Skye to Orwell Bay Immigration with Lord Selkirk
-The largest group of people emigrating from the Isle of Skye, led by Lord Selkirk (Campey, 1)
-8 months after arrival, there were 63 families settling in Orwell Bay (Campey, 2)
-Lord Selkirk became famous for supporting the average person's ability to emigrate from Scotland (Campey, 37) -
Highland Society Evokes "Passenger Act"
-In attempt to reduce emigration, they create limits for the amount of people per ship and the amount of necessary meals and water per passenger (Campey, 34) -
Lord Selkirk sponsors immigrants from Kilonan to Red River
(Hornsby, 407) -
Aberdeen Immigration
-51% of Scottish immigrants who went from Aberdeen to Ontario settle in Wellington
(Hornsby, 412) -
Lowlander Immigration Increases Above Highlander
(Campey, 3)
-Due to increased poverty in Scotland (Campey, 3) and/or to government sponsorship which leads them to Ontario (Hornsby, 407) -
End to Napoleonic Wars
Causes increased Scottish Emigration (Campey, 17) -
Britain Creates Subsidies for Scottish Emigrants
-Free transport, food, and other necessities were supplied for 700 Scottish citizens while they immigrated to key locations for defense against the United States during the war of 1812 (Campey, 40) -
Period: to
Shift in Immigration Patterns
-Ontario becomes top destination for immigration, the majority of Highlanders coming from Argyll, and Lowlanders coming from the Western lowlands (Hornsby, 409)
– approx.. 1579 lowlanders arrived in this wave - (Hornsby, 410) -The switch to Ontario from Nova Scotia was due to the closing of a Maritime channel in the 1840s (Hornsby, 411) -
Immigration to Ontario's Lanark County is Government-Sponsored
(Hornsby, 407) -
Government Sponsors More Lowlander Immigration
- Specifically to Ontario (Hornsby, 407)
-
Approximately 400 Weavers Arrive in Canada
-While not manual laborers there to cultivate land, they were necessary immigrants (Campey, 3) -
Period: to
Highland Famine
-11,000 Highlanders and Islanders emigrate to British North America (Campey, 94) -
Highlanders Continue Immigrating to Maritime Provinces
-While many other immigrants settle in Ontario and other parts of the country, Highlanders land and settle in the maritimes (Campey, 75) -
Guelph's First Census
-15.4% of the population is Scottish Presbyterian (Nash-Chambers, 6)
-Galt and the Canada Company encouraged skilled workers from Scotland to emigrate to Guelph (Nash-Chambers, 7) -
Scottish Immigrants Migrate to Prairies
-Due to the impressive terrain and farmable land, many Scottish who had settled in the maritimes or Ontario moved further west (Campey, 102;113) -
Scottish Represent 4th Largest Ethnic Group in Canada
(Hornsby, 387) -
Crofters' Act of 1886
-With tenure and other helpful laws increasing hope for farmers' well-being, emigration from Scotland decreases slightly (Campey, 149) -
"Starving Crofters in Canada" Headline Runs in Highland Newspaper
-In attempt to decrease migration, headlines such as these share the dangers of immigration to Canada
-Yet Scottish farmers in Canada rebutted these claims
(Campey, 154) -
Careers of Immigrants Change
-Many Scottish immigrants are now industrial workers, primarily relocating to Manitoba (Library and Archives Canada, https://www.bac-lac.gc.ca/eng/discover/immigration/history-ethnic-cultural/Pages/scottish.aspx) -
Period: to
170,000 Scottish Immigrants Arrive
-Primarily settling in Ontario and the Prairies (Campey, 5) -
12,267 Immigrants from Glasgow arrive in Canada
(Campey, 116) -
Empire Settlement Act
-Allowed the immigration of far more Scots after WWI (Library and Archives Canada) -
Scottish Population in Canada Reaches Over 1 Million
(Library and Archives Canada) -
Census Update
-The population of Guelph is 79.1% British, of which 19.6% is Scottish (Nash-Chambers, 19)