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100
Ptolemy's Model
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100
Ptolemy
Ptolemy was an astronomer that thought that the Earth was the center of the universe. He stated that everything orbited the Earth, and called this the 'geocentric' theory. For many years people believed and stood by this theory. His theory was based off of his observations that himself and others made and then provided a mathematical statement to support his case. -
100
Microscope
In 100 AD Romans first invented glass, and began to test around with it in different sizes and shapes. They soon discovered it you held one up to an object it would appear larger. Around the same time a Roman philosopher made this statement when experimenting with a glass of water, "Letters, however small and indistinct, are seen enlarged and more clearly through a globe of glass filled with water." -
1543
Copernicus's Heliocentric Model
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1543
Andreas Vesalius
Vesalius a Flemish scientist took notice of DA Vinci's words about the human body, and pursued in the study of anatomy. Vesalius didn't want to accept the descriptions said by Galen 1,400 years earlier, and so he did his own studies. He later published a 7 volume book on the human body which were, incredibly detailed at the time. The book was called, On the Fabric on the Human Body. This helped readers get a visual understanding of the complicated parts of the body, and how they work together. -
1543
Copernicus
Copernicus was a Polish scientist who abandoned Ptolemy theory about the geocentric theory that the planets and sun orbited Earth. Copernicus developed the heliocentric theory, where the sun was the center and everything including Earth orbited the Sun. In 1543, Copernicus published his theory and got little attention. Before Copernicus died his book called, On the Revolutions of the Heavenly Bodies. -
1574
William Harvey
Harvey was an English physician that also had a part in the human body discoveries. With laboratory experiments he studied the circulation of blood, and how it moved through arteries and veins. Another thing he did was observing how the heart works. Harvey was the first person to accurately describe the human body and published a book on it referred to as De Moto Cordis – the Motion of the Heart. English title: Anatomical Studies on the Motion of the Heart and Blood in Animals. -
1574
Harvey's Model of the Heart
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Johannes Kepler
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Johannes Kepler
Kepler, a German astronomer helped Copernicus in developing the heliocentric theory.Kepler an amazing mathematician, used models, observations, and math to prove Copernicus's theory.Some parts of the heliocentric theory did end up being wrong and slowed down Kepler, but eventually proved it to be correct.Later in 1609 Kepler published a book on laws of planetary motion, and was called, Astronomia Nova, and had 2 Laws of Motion, then he made a 3rd Law for another book called, Harmonices Mundi. -
History of the Telescope
The telescope, which was first used by a man named Hans Lippershey. A year later Galileo made modifications to it and found out many different things in space. One being that Earth is NOT the center of the universe. He found out about different planet's moons, and the imperfect surfaces of the moon and sun. A big thing was the different phases of Venus's rotation. Over time the refracting telescope grew in size and soon came the largest steerable telescope in the world, Lick Observatory. -
Galileo Galilei
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Galileo Galilei
Galileo an Italian scientist, also helped Copernicus in his theory.He read about a Dutch device so distant objects appeared larger.Then built his own telescope and was able to see this no one else could before, and drew sketches of this.In 1632 he published his findings and many scholars that followed the geocentric theory refused to accept this.With experiments and math he proved many things false like heavier things falling faster than lighter ones, this started the study of objects in motion. -
Francis Bacon
Bacon was another English philosopher and scientist, he believed that scientific theories had to be developed through observation, and repetitive experiments. Bacon relied on things that could be tested physically and not by thinking or reasoning. He made a book called, Novum Organum, and explained about this system of knowledge. -
René Descartes
Descartes was a French philosopher and mathematician, and was considered a leader of the Scientific Revolution. He felt that 'no assumptions should be accepted without question.' He thought that all thinks ideas had to be proven by facts to be true. Descartes studied in many fields, and made a mathematical description on the way light reflects off a smooth surface. This lead to the laws of refraction and the basics of the study of optics. -
Robert Boyle
Robert Boyle was an English-Irish scientist that helped pioneer chemistry. Boyle was able to show that temp. and pressure affect the space a gas can occupy. Boyle then created a law about this that stated, 'that the volume of a gas varies inversely with pressure.' -
Antoni Van Leeuwenhoek
Leeuwenhoek was a German scientist that used the microscope which was invented in the 1500's to discover bacteria, and called them animalcules. He worte about his discoveries about the many tiny life forms he found, previously never seen by the human eye. Leeuwenhoek studied many things with his microscope such as blood or pond samples, to solids like plant material or animal muscles. -
Isaac Newton
Newton was a famous scientist that found out about the 3 Laws of Motion, which ended up in the formula in the law of universal gravitation. Almost at once Newton discovered that the orbiting of planets and the force that causes objects to fall on Earth were the same. Newton's laws affect how we are today, and affected how people saw the world at that time. He was also was a discoverer in calculus. -
Antoine Lavoisier
Lavoisier was the one that named the element 'oxygen'. He also was able to show that when steam mixes with the air, it goes invisible. By discovering this he figured out that matter can change it's form, but can't be destroyed or created. This is known to us as the law of conservation of matter, and is one of our most important laws in the study of chemistry. -
Joseph Priestley
Priestly was an English chemist that discovered the element that we call oxygen. Upon the discovery he named it, "dephlogisticated air"Priestly also invented carbonated water and the rubber eraser. Something else that he did was identify a dozen key chemical compounds, and wrote an paper about electricity. He also found out that air is a mixture of gases.
