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1200
Roger Bacon
An English philosopher and scientist of the 1200's. He studied at oxford and Paris. He was viewed as the leading scholar of his time. He was one of the earliest to prefer the system of scientific experimentation. This was when this way of thinking started -
1500
The New Study of Nature
Scientists started to observe things that did not match the traditional explanation, because of this early scientists started to question ancient beliefs. They used three new tools, Scientific instruments, mathematics and experiments. This new approach to study and knowledge was the start of the scientific revolution. -
1500
The Renaissance
encouraged curiosity, investigation, discovery and the practical application of the knowledge of nature to every day life -
1543
Nicolaus Copernicus
He discard the Geocentric (earth-centered) theory. The theory that the sun and the other planets moved around Earth. He argued that the Sun was the center of the universe, the heliocentric theory. His theory explained many of the known facts about astronomy. This is an example of someone questioning the traditional explanation -
1543
Andreas Vesalius
Vesalius refused to accept descriptions of human muscles and tissues written by Galen 400 years earlier, So he did his own studies to see how the body was constructed. He published a seven volume book called on the fabric of the human body. It helped readers gain a visual understanding of the many complicated systems of the body and how they work together.This is an example of questioning the traditional explanation and using sciences as explanation instead. -
1543
William Harvey
He made important contributions to Vesalius's book. He focused on the circulation of blood and how blood moved through veins and arteries. He also observed the heart. -
Johannes Kepler
Copernicus did not have the instruments or the mathematics to prove his theory. But Johannes Kepler was a brilliant mathematician who was able to test Copernicus's theory. He found that some of the ideas which Copernicus based his theory on were wrong but Kepler was still able to prove the heliocentric theory correct. Kepler published his laws of planetary motion in 1609. This is an example of someone using science to prove the questioning right. -
Francis Bacon
He said that no assumption could be trusted unless it could be proven by repeatable experiments. He relied on truths that could be demonstrated physically, not through deductive thinking. In 1620 he published a book that outlined hi new system of knowledge. -
Galileo
Galileo invented the Telescope. He was able to see things no one had ever seen before. Using these observations he argued that not every planet/moon revolves around Earth. When he published his work in 1632 it caused an uproar. Many scholars who still believed the geocentric theory refused to accept Galileo's findings. Some said that his theory contradicted the bible, and that the telescope was an invention of the devil. This is an example of people not wanting to except change -
Rene Descartes
As a philosopher and mathematician he had ideas that lead to great advances in mathematics.He believed that no assumptions should be made without reason. For example he thought that he existed because he could think, He wrote "I think, Therefor I am".
This is an example of people continuing to use science as explanation. -
The Triumph of the new Science
These new discoveries stared to effect all of europe. Schools and societies devoted to science appeared in Rome, England and France. -
Robert Boyle
He helped pioneer the modern science of chemistry. In 1662 Boyle showed that temperature and pressure affect the space that a gas occupies -
Isaac Newton
He noticed that Copernicus, Kepler and galileo's work showed how all the planets including earth revolved around the sun, but not why. So after many experiments he Proposed the law of universal gravitation, which states that all bodies of mass are attracted to each other. He also found that this force can be measured. Newton als explained the laws of motion and developed the mathematical means of measuring motion. This is an example of someone using science to explain science. -
Antoine Lavoisier
he showed that fire is a result of rapidly combined oxygen. He also showed that steam mixes with the air and becomes invisible. In this way he proved that matter can change form but can't be destroyed or created. -
Joseph Priestley
He discovered the element oxygen.
