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1662 BCE
Robert Boyle
English-Irish scientist Robert Boyle helped with the study of chemistry and matter and how it changes. Boyle was even able to prove that pressure and temperature affect the space that a gas is in. -
1500 BCE
Antonie van Leeuwenhoek
In the late 1500s, Antonie van Leeuwenhoek used the microscope (which was invented in the late 1500s) to discover what we call bacteria today. He, however, called them animalcules. He studied these micro-beings and wrote about a whole new world, that before than no one even knew was there -
Period: 1500 BCE to 1600 BCE
Calculus was Invented
Many amazing discoveries were made throughout Europe in this time, and among those amazing findings was the development of calculus by German Gottfried Liebnitz and the English Isaac Newton. However, the two did not work together, combining their mathematical theories and thoughts is how calculus was founded. -
Jan 1, 1500
People began questioning ancient beliefs
Scientist slowly became more curious as to how things really worked, and they realized that the things they have been told may not be the truth. They learned to make conclusions based on what they could observe with their own senses and started using new tools (such as scientific instruments, mathematics, and experiments) to study the things they questioned. -
Jan 1, 1543
Nicolaus Copernicus
Nicolaus Copernicus was a Polish Scientist who began to abandon Ptolemy's way of thinking (that the earth was the center of the universe). He developed a theory that proved that the sun was the center of the universe. This theory is known as heliocentric. When his theory was published, people payed little attention because they trusted what they saw and what they saw (through their perspective) was the sun moving around the earth. -
Jan 1, 1543
Andreas Vesalius
Andreas Vesalius, a Flemish scientist, conducted studies to find out the answers of how the human body works. He published his seven-volume book called "On the Fabric of the Human Body" which shows illustrations of the human body, in more detail than ever before. People read the book and they were finally able to understand how exactly the human body worked. -
Jan 1, 1543
Heliocentric Theory
This theory was first presented by Nicolaus Copernicus, who was a Polish astronomer. He published the heliocentric system in his book: De revolutionibus orbium coelestium, "On the revolutions of the heavenly bodies," which was published in 1543 -
Period: Jan 1, 1545 to Jan 1, 1563
Counter-Reformation
"...also called the Catholic Reformation or the Catholic Revival, was the period of Catholic resurgence initiated in response to the Protestant Reformation, beginning with the Council of Trent and ending at the close of the Thirty Years' War. The Counter-Reformation was a comprehensive effort composed of four major elements: Ecclesiastical or structural reconfiguration
Religious orders
Spiritual movements
Political dimensions" -https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Counter-Reformation -
Period: Jan 1, 1578 to
William Harvey
(The start date is when Harvey was born and the end date was when he died) William Harvey was a man on a mission, who wanted to know more about blood circulation. When he studied, he learned about how blood circulates through the veins and arteries and he learned about perhaps the most important muscle there is- the heart. -
Kepler and Galilleo
Copernicus couldn't prove his heliocentric theory, so with the help of Johannes Kepler (a German scientist) and Galileo Galilei (an Italian scientist), they confirmed the theory to be true. Kepler proved that some of the evidence Copernicus based his theory on were wrong, but that the heliocentric theory overall was correct. They then published new laws of planetary motion using clear evidence that the Earth actually did move around the sun. -
Francis Bacon
Bacon was an English philosopher and scientist who believed that theories (specifically science theories) can only be made through observation. He believed that nothing could be trusted unless proved in repeated experiments. He published his thoughts in "Novum Organum" (1620) -
Galileo Galilei
Galileo had heard about objects that made things appear larger, so he decided to build a telescope. He saw things that no one had ever seen before. Some of these things included mountains and valleys on the moon, the rings around Saturn, the moons circling Jupiter, and spots on the sun. However, when he published his findings, it caused lots of problems. People said that his theories contradicted with the bible and the telescope was an invention of the devil. -
René Descartes
Descartes, a French philosopher and mathematician, was known as the leader of the Scientific Revolution. He believed that no assumptions should be made or accepted without question. He published his ideas in 1637 in "Discourse on Method." Be believed that everything had to be based off of facts. He wrote, "I think, therefore I am." René Descartes studied in algebra, geometry, the scientific method, astronomy, and physical sciences. -
Isaac Newton
Newton was inspired by the work of Copernicus, Kepler, and Galileo and he decided to conduct experiments that explained their theories. He realized that the force that holds the planets in their orbit and the force that causes objects to fall to earth are one and the same. This, is the law of universal gravitation, which explains that all bodies attract each other. With one theory, Newton explained the movement of everything on the earth and in the heavens. -
Joseph Priestley
English chemist Joseph Priestley found the element oxygen in 1774. However, Antonie Lavoisier, a French scientist, later named it. -
Antonie Lavoisier
Before Antoine Lavoisier, a French scientist, named oxygen, people always believed that fire was one of the elements. However he proved that fire resulted when something rapidly combined with oxygen. He later proved that when steam mixes with air it will become invisible. This was amazing because he proved that matter can change form however it cannot be created or destroyed.
