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Nicolaus Copernicus publishes the "Revolution of Celestial Spheres", claiming the universe is heliocentric. He is often credited with starting the Scientific Revolution.
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In 1572, Tycho Brahe spots a new star, and 5 years later, in 1575, a new comet.
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Giordano Bruno publishes " The Ash-Wednesday Supper, On Cause, Principle, And Unity, And On The Infinite Universe And Its Worlds". He states the universe is infinitely large and that the Earth is not in the center.
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Giordano Bruno is found guilty of heresy and is burned at the stake for teaching Copernicus' findings. After this, the idea only exploded and expanded rapidly.
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Johannes Kepler's "Laws of Planetary Motion" states the orbits of planets were not circular, but instead, elliptical.
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Galileo travels to Rome to teach the clergy about heliocentrism. It was condemned heretical and Galileo promised not to teach it anymore.
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After Galileo promises the clergy, not to teach heliocentrism, he publishes "Dialogue Concerning the Two Cheif World Systems" about 15 years later. There, he describes the Ptolemaic system and the Copernican system.
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The Roman Inquisition find Galileo guilty of heresy and in order to avoid execution, Galileo is forced to recant.
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Louis XIV of France founds one of the most prestigious science academies, the Royal Academy of Sciences.
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Isaac Newton publishes "Principia Mathematica". In this publication, Newton explains his laws of motion, law of universal gravitation and an extension of Kepler's laws of planetary motion