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800
Gun powder
Gunpowder is a very important invention that started the use of fireworks, many different types of weaponry, dynamite etc. It was made by Chinese alchemists in the 800’s when they were trying to make the elixir of immortality for their emperor by putting together sulphur, charcoal, and potassium nitrate and heating them up in a big pot for about 50 years. It was the longest experiment in chemistry industry. (Mason Markell,Greg Leibowitz, 2009) -
The Telescope
Hans Lippershey, a Dutch eyeglass maker, is credited with being the first person to create the modern day telescope because he was the first to apply for a patent (Cox, 2017 & McFadden, 2018). He claimed that he had a device that could magnify objects three times (Cox, 2017), effectively making objects appear closer. -
Newton's laws of motion
In 1686, Sir Newton presented his three laws of motion in the "Principia Mathematica Philosophiae Naturalis (Nancy Hall, 2015, para.1) He first proposed and confirmed the motion of massive bodies and how they interact. The laws have been verified by countless experiments over the past three centuries. They form the foundation of classical mechanics. It helps people realize that the existence of the mechanics and also Advance the advancement of physics. -
Elastic
Thomas Hancock found elastic in 1837 in his rubber factory. He used rubber that was already Used by Users. It was unique because it was recycled product of rubber and that was the purpose of project. The outcome of the Project is to “make best from waste” (Marry Bellies, 2019). -
Dynamite
Alfred Noble and his Italian pupil Acsanio Sombrero found dynamite in university of Turin. The alternative was gunpowder but it was impractical to use in commercial sectors. By experiment, Nobel combined gunpowder and nitro glycerine that allowed a controlled Explosion set from distance. Finally using naturally occurring sedimentary rock and fossilized algae from the Elbe River near his factory in Hamburg, Noble managed to stabilize nitro-glycerine into a portable explosive. -
The Hypodermic Syringe
Scottish physician Alexander Wood is credited with creating the first hypodermic syringe. He combined a glass syringe with a needle, which allowed the user to monitor dosage and was first used to inject morphine as a painkiller (Levy, 2014). The purpose of the hypodermic syringe is to provide rapid delivery of liquids and for times when the substance cannot be taken orally (Abraham, 2016). -
The X-Ray Machine
Wilhelm Roentgen discovered a way ‘see’ through objects, including the human body, in order to ascertain injury, foreign bodies and other matter (Howell, 2016). -
Discovery of radioactive elements
Mrs.Curie dedicated her life to the study of radioactivity. In the year 1898, she and her husband discover the new element. they name it,Radium. In the same year, they also discover another element called Polonium. She shared the Nobel Prize in Physics in 1903. (Biography,2019, para 1）She found that cancer cells can be killed by the action of radioactive rays. This is also the first theory of cure for cancer. Her research opened up new ideas for future medicine. For example, X-ray. -
The birth of the atomic bomb
On December 28, 1942, President Roosevelt authorized the formation of the Manhattan project to work on nuclear research for the military. (History,2019, para2). On July 16, 1945, in a remote desert location near Alamogordo, New Mexico, the first atomic bomb was successfully detonated (History,2019, para2). Fortunately, the atomic bombs were not used after World War II, and scientists began to use the theory to generate electricity. -
Discovery of DNA double helix structure. DNA also known as deoxyribonucleic acid is a molecule composed of two chain that coil around each other to form a double helix.
DNA carries genetic instruction used in the growth, development, functioning and reproduction of all known organisms and many viruses. In February 28, 1953 J.D. Watson and F.H.C.Crick discovered double stranded structure in Cambridge University and proposed the three-dimensional model of physiological DNA based on X-ray diffraction data obtained. This model consisted of two sugar-phosphate backbones held together by hydrogen bonds. They received the Noble Prize in Physiology or Medicine in 1962. -
Global eradication of smallpox. The last documented occurring case of smallpox was diagnosed in a hospital worker in Merca, Somalia. After 2 ½ years on May 8, 1980 the 33rd World Health Assembly declared the world free of smallpox.
Smallpox was an infectious disease caused by virus variants Variola major and Variola minor. In the 1900s smallpox was endemic in over 30 countries and in 1966 WHO voted a special budget to eliminate it. A breakthrough discovery by Edward Jenner was an effective vaccine. Mass vaccination programs were successful in Western countries; but a 'surveillance and containment' approach was taken in developing countries where extensive house-to-house searches and rewards for reporting smallpox cases. -
Dolly the sheep was the first mammal to be successfully cloned from an adult cell.
She was cloned at the Roslin Institute in Midlothian, Scotland by Keith Campbell, Ian Wilmut and other colleagues. Her birth was announced on February 22, 1997. This was a major scientific achievement as it demonstrated that the DNA from adult cells, can be used to create an entire organism. The technique that was made famous by her birth is somatic cell nuclear transfer, and her birth proved that specialised cells could be used to create an exact copy of the animal they came from.
