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Founding of New Sweden
On the lower Delaware River, New Sweden was founded by traders. New Sweden was a modernized establishment and had a dual economy of fur trading with the Native Americans, and grain farming by the colonists. -
Bacon's Rebellion
William Berkeley was a Virginia Governer who was unjust with taxes and favored the wealthy class. War broke out between Native Americans and settlers, but Berkeley did not help which led to settlers, including their leader Nathaniel Bacon, rebelling against him and throwing him out. -
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British and French wars
Between 1689 and 1748, the British and French fought a series of wars that were mostly fought in Europe. However, some of the fighting spilled over into North America. British colonists were drawn into the war. -
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Salem witch trials
The Salem witch trials was a tempestuous time in America's history where a series of trials were carried out in which innocent women were accused of causing afflictions on families within their community. -
British Colonies grow stronger
The British colonial population grew, greatly outnumbering the French. Settlers continuously took Native American lands because the British did nothing to stop them. -
French relationship with Natives
The French wanted Native American allies, so they treated the natives with respect and generosity. To resist British colonial expansion, the outnumbered French worked with their Native American allies. -
Colonial assemblies increase power
By 1760, political upheaval in Great Britain and European wars had enabled the elected colonial assemblies to increase their powers at the expense of the royal governors. Because the colonies lacked aristocrats with inherited titles, most council/assembly leaders were wealthy planters and merchants related by blood or marriage. The assemblies often withheld salaries from unpopular governors. -
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The Sugar, Quartering, and Stamp Acts
1764:Governor Grenville proposed raising money by collecting duties already in effect. The Sugar Act lowered the duty on foreign molasses, but also assigned customs officers and created courts to collect duties and prosecute smugglers.1765:Parliament passed the Quartering Act, requiring colonists to provide housing/supplies to British troops stationed there.1765:Parliament passed the Stamp Act, to raise money from the colonies, requiring colonists to pay a tax on almost all printed materials. -
Sons of Liberty
Colonists that were in opposition to the Stamp Act protested in all the months following the passage of the act. Those who opposed the British taxes called themselves "Patriots." To lead the popular protests, some men formed associations such as the Sons of Liberty. Their most famous leader being Samuel Adams. -
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Adam's Presidency
John Adams was a Federalist and the second president of the United States. His presidency was marked by the conflict between the newly formed parties of Federalists and Democratic-Republicans. The conflicts focused on the balance of power between the state governments and the federal governments and foreign policy. -
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Jefferson's Presidency
Thomas Jefferson was the third president of the United States and served two terms. He dealt with two major issues facing the US authority. One issue being the piracy along the Barbary Coast of North Africa; The other being the British impressment. This resulted in the embargo act of European goods in 1807. Jefferson completed the Louisiana Purchase which doubled the size of America. -
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Industrial Sector
America developed its own industrial sector without meaning to do so during this time. It was a distinct part of the economy and society that was dedicated to industry. -
Tariff of 1816
Congress passed the Tariff of 1816 on imports to protect American industry. The tariff increased the prices of imported manufactured goods by about 20 to 25%. This encouraged Americans to buy products made in the country. The tariff harmed farmers, forcing them to pay higher prices for consumer goods. -
Missouri Compromise
In 1820, Henry Clay created the Missouri Compromise. The Northern district would enter the Union as the free state of Maine to balance the admission of Missouri as a slave state. The compromise drew a line over over the continent from the southwestern corner of Missouri to the nation's western boundary, to avoid future arguments over state admissions. Territories south of the line would be slave states, and territories north of the line would be free states. -
Irish and German Workers
Most of the working class increasingly became immigrants. Before 1840, immigrants were mostly were Protestants from England or Scotland. During the 1830s about 600,000 immigrants arrived. Most of these immigrants were Irish or German because they were both suffering from rural famines, political upheavals, and economic depressions. This immigration boosted Northeastern population and supported urban growth. Few immigrants went south because the south lacked the factories with jobs. -
Invention of the Electric Telegraph
American, Samuel Morse invented the telegraph in 1837. The device allowed electric pulses to travel long distances along wires as coded messages. Before, messages could only travel as fast as a horse or ship with a letter, but now a message could be delivered almost instantly. -
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Grange movement
Farmers became more concerned over freight rates in the west and created the grange movement.Through the grange movement, farmers would pressure the US government into improving rates to make them more fair for farmers.Railroads were very monopolistic it was very difficult for farmers to argue for their fair shipping prices due to railroads owning all tracks.The movement turns into farmers alliance which pushed for economic fairness but was split between north and south so it fell apart. -
Construction of Tweed Courthouse
William Boss Tweed’s operation of swindling Reebok Ed around his courthouse. The courthouse now houses the Net York City Department of Education. The original estimate to build the courthouse was $250,000 but ended up costing $13,000,000. The court houses seem to be money stealing machines that took money from loyal taxpayers in the country but they also helped immigrants and other poor people by providing them with services. -
Panic of 1873
The Panic of 1873 was an economic crisis. The crisis gave rise to an economic depression that lasted six years, and lead to many hardships for Americans such as civil unrest, protests, and the first strikes. The panic also marked the end of the long term expansion of the world economy. -
Farmers' alliance
The farmers' alliance was a movement formed and lead by farmers in 1875. They tried to improve economic ways for farmers by creating organizations and support for their politics. -
Chinese Exclusion Act
The Chinese Exclusion Act was the first major law on immigration in the US. Many Americans blamed their economic problems including decreased wages on the rise of Chinese immigrants in the country. Congress passed the act to pacify workers and their concerns about keeping white supremacy in the country. -
Sub Treasury Plan
The sub treasury plan came out of the farmers alliance. Farmers wood store grain in government warehouses and receive low rate government loans to buy seed and equipment using the stored green as collateral. This would allow the farmers to bypass the banks, who, along with the railroads, were being seen as the sources of all the farmers problems. -
Sub treasury plan
The farmers' alliance created the sub treasury plan. This plan would allow them to store their crops in government warehouses. It would also allow them to receive government loans for up to 80% of their crops' value at 1% interest rate. The plan failed and lead farmers to believe that they needed more political power to secure railroad regulation, their currency inflation, anti-trust laws, and farm credit, and state departments of agriculture. -
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Women voting
Some western states were so populist they granted women the right to vote in the 1890s. This added greatly to the populist electoral power. -
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Muckrakers
Muckrakers were journalists that exposed corruption and inequality in their community during the Progressive Era. Their major audiences were those that read their magazines. Some more important muckrakers were Ida Tarbell, Lincoln Steffins, Jacob Riis, and Upton Sinclair. -
Populist convention
The politically motivated farmers moved into a political party which was called the populist party. At this convention they put forth the sub treasury plan, government ownership of railroads, graduated income tax, government control of currency, recognition of the rights of laborers to form unions, and free coinage of silver. -
Presidential election
James Weaver was part of a third person party in the presidential election and gained 1,000,000 votes, carried 5 western states, and 22 electoral votes. -
Homestead Strike
The Homestead Strike was a violent riot that occurred between the Carnegie Steel Company and its employees in Homestead, Pennsylvania. The riot resulted in a gun battle where many strikers were killed and also agents form the Pinkerton Detective Agency. The strike ended up disrupting the management of the company, including Andrew Carnegie and Henry Clay Frick, and the replacement workers that were hired. -
National Consumer's League
The National Consumers League (NCL) was formed in New York in 1899. It was formed by Jane Addams and Josephine Lowell who were two very well known civic activists during that time. It was created to advocate for safe products for consumers, and the rights of workers. Women rallied together through it also to speak out for the rights of women and working children. -
Big Stick Diplomacy
Big stick diplomacy is a policy that Roosevelt lived by during his presidency. The main idea was expressed in the phrase, "Speak softly, and carry a big stick". This meant that one should attempt to peacefully negeotiate, but also have the sure backing of a strong military. Through this policy, Roosevelt was able to make the US a stronger nation. -
Roosevelt's Square Deal
Roosevelt announced a domestic program in which he would be focusing on the "3 c's": control of the corporations, consumer protection, and conservation of natural resources. He worked hard to overcome many problems that ordinary people faced in their day-to-day lives. -
Panic of 1907
After the New York Stock Exchange dropped almost 50%, there was a nationwide financial crisis that shocked the US. This sudden drop was because of the damage and losses that came out of the San Francisco earthquake. -
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Dollar Diplomacy
William Howard Taft created a policy called Dollar Diplomacy used the US economic power to extend its foreign policies to different countries and territories. It was directed toward Latin America and Eastern Asia. After Dolla Diplomacy, the relationship between the US and Latin America was described to have gone from "warlike and political" to "peacful and economic." -
Moral Diplomacy
In 1912, Woodrow Wilson proposed a new system that awarded countries that had similar moral beliefs as those in the US. He used this in an attempt to spread democracy throughout the world, but he was unsuccessful in this attempt because it was too unrealistic to spread democracy to every nation. Instead, the US gained great control over Latin America that they didn't have before. -
Children's Bureau 1912
The Children's Bureau was to investigate any matter having to do with children and report to the Department of Commerce and Labor. Some specific cases that the bureau carefully investigates are infant mortality, birth-rates, orphanages, juvenile courts, desertion, dangerous occupations, accidents/diseases of children, employment, and legislation that may affect children in the states. -
Women's Bureau 1920
The Women's Bureau was created to work towards creating a more equal labor force. They conducted research about the un-equal life that women lived at that time and they analyzed policies that regarded women. They also promoted social changes for women among the public and education
