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The first world war was a terrible thing for Russia because everything started to fall apart. There were huge losses of people(millions) and people were starving to death every day while the government was falling apart.
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During this time there were two types of government fighting to lead Russia, both had different people on their sides. The provisional government had all the support from business people, military officers, and government officials and the Soviet had support from industrial workers and enlisted soldiers.
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Days before riots were breaking out and things were getting more out of control. This uprising was known as the February revolution. Soldiers were sent to stop this uprising but the soldiers ended up switching sides and then came after Nickolas II. Then on the 15 the new provisional government ordered Nickolas II to step down from his throne. Later he would be killed by the Bolsheviks.
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When Lenin returned from Switzerland he began a huge calling for an overthrow of the provisional government and another uprise broke out. once order was restored the government wanted Lenin in chains so he had to flee again but this time to Finland.
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After Lenin left and things settled down the provisional government decided to appoint the socialist Alexander Kerensky as their prime minister.
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General Lavr Kornilov, the army commander in chief, made an attempt to seize power. As Kornilov advanced on Petrograd, Kerensky released the imprisoned Bolsheviks. Kornilov was stop without violence and the Bolsheviks were gaining more power.
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A Bolshevik led army of workers, soldiers, and sailors took control of key positions in Petrograd. That night, they captured the Winter Palace, which was the headquarters of Kerensky's provisional government. Later on cities like Moscow fell to the Bolsheviks.
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The Bolsheviks government takes over and they quickly make their changes.
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The new Communist government quickly withdrew from the war and they signed the Treaty of Brest-Litovsk to avoid invation from the Germans.
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After the war the Soviet Union gained territory back that was lost and after Lenin dies Joseph Stalin takes over til his death in 1953