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Alexander III
Alexander IIIBorn on 10 March 1845 and died on 1 November 1894. Was Emperor of Russia, King of Poland and Grand Prince of Finland. Alexander III ascended the throne and became Russia's czar on March 14, 1881 after the murder of his father by terrorists of the Popular Will clandestine organization. He was conservative and reversed some of the liberal reforms of his father, Alexander II. Furthermoe, he was called "The Peacemaker", as while he was in the throne, Russia fought no major wars. -
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Transiberian
TransiberianIs a network of railways connecting Moscow with the Russian Far East and the Sea of Japan. With a length of 9,289 km. You can use it to travel overland in either direction between London, Paris or anywhere in Europe and China, Japan, Korea or even Southeast Asia... It does far more than link Moscow with Vladivostok. In addition it is the longest railway line in the world. -
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Nicholas II
Nicholas IIBorn on 18 May 1868 and died on 17 July 1918. He inherited the throne when his father, Alexander III, died. He was the last tsar of Russia under Romanov rule. He also was Grand Duke of Finland, and titular King of Poland. He believed in autocracy, and he was eventually forced to create an elected legislature. Because of the Bloody Sunday and World War I Nicholas II was forced to abdication in 1917. Finally, he was executed by Bolsheviks in russia. -
Division of Marxists into two groups
Division of Marxists into two groupsIn Marxist theory, the capitalist stage of production consists of two main classes: the bourgeoisie, the capitalists who own the means of production, and the much larger proletariat (or 'working class') who must sell their own labour power . -
Abolishment of Serdom
Abolishment of SerdomThe origins of serfdom in Russia are traced to Kievan Rus' in the 11th century. The system which tied the Russian peasants irrevocably to their landlords. Four years later, slavery in the USA was similarly declared unlawful by presidential order. Serfdom became the dominant form of relation between peasants and nobility in the 17th century. Furthermore, it only existed in central and southern areas of the Russian Empire. And finally, serfdom was abolished by a decree issued by Tsar Alexander II. -
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Lenin
LeninWas born on 22 April 1870 and died on 21 January 1924. Was a Russian communist revolutionary, politician and political theorist. He became involved in revolutionary thinking and he joined a Marxist group. Based in Marxism, his political theories are known as Leninism. Furthermore, In 1903 Lenin became the leader of the Bolshevik faction and follow the split within the Social Revolutionaries. And also, he write many pamphlets and was an active participant in many meetings of european marxists. -
Russo Japanese War
Russo Japanese WarWas a military conflict in which a victorious Japan forced Russia to abandon its expansionist policy in the Far East, becoming the first Asian power in modern times to defeat a European power. The major theatres of operations were the Liaodong Peninsula and Mukden in Southern Manchuria, and the seas around Korea, Japan, and the Yellow Sea. -
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WW1
WW1It all started when Archduke Franz Ferdinand of Austria was assassinated by a Serbian nationalist in Sarajevo, Bosnia. This lead to the outbreak of World War I, which pitted Germany, Austria-Hungary and the Ottoman Empire (who were finally defeated), against Great Britain, France, Russia, Italy and Japan. Allies were joined after 1917 by the United States. More than 9 million combatants and 7 million civilians died. So it is considered one of the deadliest conflicts in all history. -
Murder of Rasputin
Murder of RasputinTo save the monarchy, several members of the aristocracy attempted to murder the holy manOn the night of December 16-17, 1916, they tried to kill Rasputin. The plan was simple. Yet on that fateful night, the conspirators found that Rasputin would be very difficult to kill. -
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Provisional Government
Provisional Government The Provisional Government is the name given to the government that led Russia. Was an emergency or interim government set up when the tsar's government collapsed. The members of the Duma set up the Provisional Government, led by Alexander Kerensky.The intention of the provisional government was the organization of elections to the Russian Constituent Assembly and its convention. It was dissolved by the newly created Directorate and the country was officially declared the Russian Republic. -
March (February) revolution
March (February) revolutionIt begins on 1917, when riots and strikes over the scarcity of food erupt in Petrograd (now St. Petersburg). The soldiers also joined them. Then the members of the Duma joined the rebellion; they want the Tsar to abdicate. Finally, they achieve they purpose, they gained abdication of Nicholas II, the creation of the Russian Republic; establishment of dual power between the Provisional Government and the Petrograd Soviet. -
October Revolution
October RevolutionOfficially known as the Great October Socialist Revolution.
Lenin and other revolutionaries returned to Russia after having been permitted by the German government to cross Germany. The Germans hoped that the Bolsheviks would undermine the Russian war effort. Furthermore, It took place with an armed insurrection in Petrograd traditionally dated to 25 October 1917. -
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Civil War in Russia
Civil War in RussiaWas a multi-party war in the former Russian Empire immediately after the Russian Revolutions of 1917. Ocurred cause groups had formed that opposed Lenin’s Bolsheviks. The combatant groups were the Red Army (winners), fighting for the Bolshevik form of socialism, and the allied forces White Army, which interests were monarchism, capitalism, and alternative forms of socialism. Moreover, rival militant socialists and nonideological Green armies fought against the Bolsheviks and the Whites. -
Treaty of Brest-Litovsk
Treaty of Brest-LitovskOn March 3, 1918, in the city of Brest-Litovsk, located in modern-day Belarus near the Polish border, Russia signs a treaty with the Central Powers ending its participation in World War I. Russia’s involvement in World War I with its allies, France and Britain, had resulted in lots of heavy losses against Germany. In the treaty, Bolshevik Russia ceded the Baltic States to Germany, and its province of Kars Oblast to the Ottoman Empire. Also recognized the independence of Ukraine. -
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New Economic Policy (NEP)
NEPWas an economic policy of Soviet Russia proposed by Vladimir Lenin, who called it "state capitalism". The balance of the civil war was catastrophic. The NEP tried to reverse the crises in which Russia was plunged because of the civil war and foreign aggression. The high number of casualties and the destruction of cities, falling agricultural production and also industrial declining led to this. -
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Stalin
StalinBorn on 18 December 1878 and died on 5 March 1953. He was a Soviet dictator from the mid-1920s until his death in 1953. He joined the clandestine struggle of the Russian socialists against the Tsarist regime. When the Social Democratic Party split in 1903, he followed the faction Bolshevik headed by Lenin. Was persecuted until the triumph of the Bolshevik Revolution of 1917. Stalin move up the bureaucracy party (renamed the Communist Party), and start being General Secretary in 1922. -
USSR
USSRThe Soviet Socialist Republics (USSR) is established, comprising a confederation of Russia, Belorussia, Ukraine, and the Transcaucasian Federation.
Also known as the Soviet Union, the new communist state was the successor to the Russian Empire and the first country in the world to be based on Marxist socialism. -
Trotsky into exile
Trotsky into exileTrotsky exiled from Soviet Russia. Trotsky was removed from power (October 1927), expelled from the Communist Party (November 1927), and finally exiled from the Soviet Union in 1929. As the head of the Fourth International, Trotsky continued in exile in Mexico to oppose the Stalinist bureaucracy in the Soviet Union. -
Bloody Sunday
Bloody SundayWas an incident on 30 January 1972 in the Bogside area of Derry, Northern Ireland. British soldiers shot 26 unarmed civilians during a protest march against internment. There were 14 deaths and the rest were wounded. The perpetrators were the British Army (mostly the Parachute Regiment).
