-
Period: to
Russian Revolution
-
Reign of Czar Alexander iii ( 1881-1894)
- blamed Jews for his father assassination
- promoted the nobility and anti-semitism
- had three principles; autocracy, orthodoxy, national homogeneity
- Autocracy: one-man rule
- Orthodoxy: one religion
- National homogeneity: one race
- tried to spread his principles (Estonia, Latula, Lithuania, Poland)
- died and son took over Significance: angered Jewish peasants (everyone who were not in nobility) before Nicholas takes the throne, already giving them a reason to revolt
-
Czar Nicholas ii (1894-1917)
- He thought people should not be involved in gov't (absolute rule)
- Living conditions were unsanitary and work hours long for peasants
- Russians wanted to industrialize and urbanize: Czar Nicholas did nothing in response
- Impact: Russians felt ignored and angry
- Duma created
- Czar steps down from gov't Significance: Czar Nicholas gets abolished and Provisional Government gets created (later gets overthrown)
-
Russo-Japanese War (1904-1905)
- origins of the war started when Russia and Japan arguing over land in Northern China
- Japan had advantage during war: they built up more ground troops in northern China
- Japan had better Navy because Russia had still not finished industrializing
- Russia was embarrassed because they lost land in Northern China and became Constitutional monarchy
- Russia was forced to industrialize (Duma) Significance: caused tension to grow between two nations which lead to war
-
Bloody Sunday (January 22, 1905)
- 200,000 workers marched on Czar's Winter Palace
- wanted to present him with a list of grievances and wanted their living conditions to improve
- Police open-fired on protesters killing 100 people and 3,000 injured
- long-term: more strikes and disorder throughout Russia Significance: result of Russian and Japan war ruin czar's reputation and Duma was established (led peasants hate government)
-
Establishment of the Duma (October 30, 1905)
- An elected legislature intended for people to have some participation in the government
- created to abolish absolute rule for constitutional monarchy Significance: People mad and Czar Nicholas wanted people to like him
-
Russia's participating in WW1 (1914-1917)
- Austria joins WW1 to help Serbia
- Germany joins the same time
- Russia was not industrialized so lost to Germany and it's allies
- drop out of war early Significance: Czar Nicholas gets blamed
-
Death of Rasputin (December 30,1916)
- Rasputin was eventually killed
- Tried to be killed three times
- First time: tries to be poisoned by food and drinks (didn't work)
- Second Time: shot two times (didn't work but still weak)
- Third Time: drowned in a river (finally worked) Significance: contribute to Czar's bad reputation (blamed for Rasputin's death) and putting his friends in the gov't
-
Bolshevik Revolution (1917-1920)
- Bolsheviks are communists and overthrow the gov't
- Provisional Gov't falls
- Soviets (peasants and soldiers) became more powerful than gov't
- promote revolution and socialism
- Lenin takes advantage of weak gov't
- "Peace (from WW1), Land (more for peasants), Bread (more food)"
- Revolution stops when Bolsheviks win Civil War Significance: Bolsheviks tried to overthrow the Provisional gov't
-
Abdication of Czar Nicholas ii/ establishment of Provisional Government (March 15, 1917)
- He wanted his people to like him (his people disliked him)
- He created an elected legislature to abolish absolute rule
- WW1 impacted his power
- blamed for military failures March 1917: street demonstrations broke out in capitol March 15: gave up power
- Provisional Gov't set up (temporary gov't) Significance: it lead to the Bolshevik Revolution
-
Civil War (1918-1920)
- Red (Bolshevik) vs. white (conservative)
- Red Army:
- want protect the revolution
- advantage: unified and industrialized areas
- disadvantage: area they controlled shrank and already preoccupied during war
- White Army:
- want life before revolution
- advantage: European powers
- disadvantage: not unified and lack of supplies
- Red Army won
- negative impacts on Russia after war Significance: leads to establishment of USSR where the Red Army hold all power and has control of Russia
-
Establishment of USSR (1922)
- made of Union of Soviet Socialist Republics (Soviet Union)
- self-governing republics discourage nationalism
- communist party holds all the power
- not true communism
- Soviet Union will exist until 1991 Significance: Long lasting gov't and dictatorship under Stalin and Bolsheviks have control of Russia
-
Lenin's Death (1924)
- Lenin dies
- setting up competition over his replacement
- Leon Trotsky: Red Army Commander
- Joseph Stalin: A member of Communist Party Significance: Stalin rises to power and manipulates the gov't
-
Stalin's rise to power (1922-1927)
- Stalin rises to power
- manipulates his way into power despite Lenin's concerns
- 1928: Stalin is in total command of Communist Party
- gets people to turn against Trotsky Significance: has power and turns into a dictatorship
-
Leon Trotsky's exile (1929)
- Commander of Red army during the civil war
- won the Civil War
- Trotsky exiled in 1929 and will be killed Significance: proves how powerful Stalin is and wanted to take all the power of the Communist party
- Commander of Red army during the civil war
