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Abolishment of serfdom
Russian serfdom depended entirely on the traditional and extensive technology of the peasantry. They were most heavily concentrated in the central and western provinces of Russia. In 1861 serfdom, the system which tied the Russian peasants irrevocably to their landlords was abolished at the Tsar’s imperial command. In Russia the traditional relationship between lord and serf was based on land. -
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Alexander III (1)
Alexander iii was the Tsar of Russia from 1881 to 1894. He made several things during his reign. He turned Russia into a police state, teeming with spies and informers; he imposed strict censorship codes on published materials and written documents including private letters. Police watched secondary schools and universities. -
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Alexander III (2)
Political prisoners were sent to Siberia and also oppressed some national groups. He also prohibited anti-Semitism, ended the nihilistic terrorism. When he was ruling the transsiberian railway was built and with this an alliance of France growed. -
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Transsiberian railway
The railway construction began in 1891 on the initiative of Count Sergei Witte, who by then occupied the Ministry of Finance. The tracks were laid in a northerly direction along the banks of the Ussuri River to Khabarovsk.
In 1890 a bridge across the Ural was built, this railway line allowing entry into Asia.
The labor for the construction of the Trans was established by some Russian soldiers. -
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Nicholas II (1)
Nicholas was the last Tsar of Russia and he ruled from 1894 to 1917. He inherited the throne when his father died of a disease. He had to marriage and had children for an heir. They had several kids but one of them was ill and desperate to find an effective treatment they let the monk Rasputin hypnotize the boy. Rasputin was supposed that cure him and the family was pleased. -
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Nicholas II
He saw how Russia entered in a military and economic collapse. People nicknamed him Nicholas the Bloody because of Khodynka Tragedy, anti-Semitic programs, Bloody Sunday and his violence. Russia was defeated in the Russo-Japanese War and in the WW1 a lot of Russians were killed. Nicholas and his family were arrested by order of the revolutionary government of Russia and were confined at the Alexander Palace. -
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Nicholas II (3)
At the time, the power of the Bolsheviks was growing. They soon overthrew the temporary government. To prevent Nicholas and his family fleeing abroad, the imperial family was exiled. Finally he was force to abdicate but his plan of being judged in public gone wrong and on the night of 17 July 1918 the Bolshevik Party, executed the royal family to eliminate any possibility of restoring the tsar to the throne. Nicholas II and his family were led to the basement of the house and shot by a squad. -
Trotsky into exile
Was a Marxist revolutionary and theorist, Soviet politician, and the founder and first leader of the Red Army. Trotsky was a political thinker and is known for his contributions to the theory of permanent revolution. Trotsky was over time forced out of the Soviet leadership by Stalin, and eventually forced into exile. He remained a vocal critic of Stalin, who finally ordered his murder in 1940. -
Division of marxists
Marxist origins were divided into the Bolsheviks and Mensheviks. The Russian Social Democratic Labor party, secretly formed at a congress based on the doctrines of Marxism. They were divided over issues raised by Lenin at its 1903 party congress. The Bolsheviks(majority), wanted a party of professional revolutionaries and limited membership. And the Mensheviks(minority) remained truer to Marxist principles, preferring a broad-based party with open membership. -
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Lenin
During his rule he made several changes inspired in a revolutionary leader. He also ruled the October Revolution and created the communist soviet regime. He imposed the idea of a strong part and fought for the attraction of radical socialist leaders and defended the idea of a proletariat dictatorship. After his lead, the Marxism-lenism and trotskism, from Stalin and Trotski, fought for the power of the USSR.
Lenin was a politician and communist leader of the Bolsheviks. -
Russo Japanese War
Was fought between the Russian Empire and the Empire of Japan. Began with the Japanese naval attack on Port Arthur. Russia promised to withdraw forces by 1903, but failed to do so. Military conflict in which a victorious Japan forced Russia to abandon its expansionist policy in the Far East, becoming the first Asian power in that times to defeat a European power. The Treaty of Portsmouth was signed on 1905. -
Bloody Sunday
Was a massacre carried out by the Russian Imperial Guard against peaceful demonstrators. It happened in St. Petersburg, day in which workers gathered at the residence of Tsar Nicholas II. Imperial forces opened fire on the workers, killing hundreds. Strikes and riots broke out throughout the country leading to the massacre, to which Nicholas II responded by promising the formation of a series of representative assemblies, or Dumas, to work toward reform. -
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WW1
The Bolshevik leaders signed the Treaty of Brest-Litovsk with Germany. The social causes of the Russian Revolution mainly came from Nicholas's failures in WW1, and it only added to the chaos. The poor conditions only aggravated the situation, with the number of strikes and incidents of public disorder. -
Murder of Rasputin
Nicholas II and Aleksandra tried for years to give birth to an heir. Aleksandra gave birth to a baby boy, Aleksei Nikolayevich. But he had hemophilia. When Rasputin came to cure him, by his mystic ways, he cured him.
Around midnight, on Friday 16/Saturday 17 December, Yusupov went to Rasputin's apartment. Around one o'clock in the morning they drove to an especially room prepared for the crime. He poisoned Rasputin with cyanide. -
March revolution
The revolution, involved mass demonstrations and armed clashes with police and gendarmes. Demonstrators took to the streets of the Russian capital of Petrograd. The protesters clashed with police, refusing to leave the streets. On March 10, on Women's Day, the strike spread among Petrograd’s workers, and irate mobs of workers destroyed police stations. The February Revolution was followed by the October Revolution, bringing Bolshevik rule and a change in Russia's social structure. -
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Provisional government
The intention of the government was the organization of elections and its convention, but it committed two huge errors. It refused to give land to the poor peasants and to survive they needed that land but it was refused by Kerensky. Keep Russia in the WW1. It had to overcome the July days where riots occurred and when Lenin returned for blaming for the government although some people did not liked him. And the Kornilov affair that wanted a strong government, demanding communist to be arrested. -
October revolution
Was a seizure of state power instrumental in the larger Russian Revolution of 1917. It took place with an armed insurrection in Petrograd. Moscow was taken by force, and local groups of Bolshevik workers and soldiers gained control of most of the other cities of Russia. The remaining members of the provisional government were arrested . -
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Civil war in Russia
It occurred because the White Army (monarchists, militarists, Capitalists…) opposed the Bolsheviks (Red Army). The government helped the whites and looked forward to re-establish an Eastern front. In 1918, the Directory, wanted to defeat Communists and with the end of the WW1 allies like France and Great Britain refused to continue being allies. Finally the Red Army got much more power and the Communist government was under Lenin. -
Teatry of Brest-Litovsk
Signed in Brest-Litovsk between Bolshevik Russia and central powers. Was the first treaty that ended the Great War. The German defeat in World War annulled the treaty, and all Russian losses had been recovered by 1940. military defeats and the growing incompetence gave the discontent of the Russian masses against their rulers and was one of the factors that drove the abdication of Tsar Nicholas II, because of the threat of a massive revolt against the monarchy. -
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NEP
The New Economic Policy try to reverse the crisis that engulfed Russia was due to civil war and foreign aggression. It was an economic policy proposed by Vladimir Lenin and represented a capitalism economic policy. Farmers were granted the freedom to grow and sell at their convenience, once had satisfied the State mandatory fee. Free internal trade was authorized foreign technicians are contracted and private ownership of small and medium enterprises were allowed. -
USSR
Anthem USSR
The Soviet Union had a single-party political system dominated by the Communist Party. The Soviet state was structured under a centralized national government and economy. A new constitution in which the powers of the new state in economics, defense, republics, which are recognized the right of equal and respected in theory the possibility of abandoning the union was developed. -
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Stalin
He was the leader of the Soviet Union. He joined the clandestine struggle of the Russian socialists against the Tsarist regime. Stalin followed the Bolshevik faction of the Social Democratic Party headed by Lenin. Although the leader of the Revolution had indicated its preference for Trotsky, Stalin allied with Zinoviev and Kamenev to imposed Trotsky.
