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Period: to
Timespan
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Decembrist Revolt
Who, What, Where:
- Staged in imperial Russia by army officers who led a group of approximately 3,000 Russian soldier rebels
Cause:
- Decembrists had a desire for greater freedom; also reflected the peoples' desire for greater control in governing their own affairs
- The Decembrists were brutally repressed by the Tsar, Nicholas I
Consequences: 289 Decembrists were tried; five were executed, 31 imprisoned, and the rest banished to Siberia -
Emancipation of the Serfs
Who, What, Where: The first and most important of liberal reform under Alexander II; the reform amounted to the liquidation of serf dependence previously suffered by peasants; 23 million + people got their liberty; liberal politicans- Nikolay Milyutin, Alexei Strol'man and Yakov Rostovtsev- stood behind this manifesto
Causes: defeat in the Crimean War; it was the result due to the changing attitudes toward liberalism in Russia
Consequences: serfdom was abolished, 23 million + gained liberty -
Bloody Sunday
Who, What, Where: Signaled the start of the Revolution of 1905; the Assembly of Russian workers (110,000 + workers) went on strike; Father George Gapon made a petition outlining the workers' suffering and demands; a petition was held, which was attacked by the police and Cossacks
Causes: Russian workers were fed up with long hours and decreased pay; a mass petition led to the attack of Bloody Sunday
Consequences: Over 100 workers were killed, 300 injured; began the Revolution of 1905 -
Revolution of 1905
Who, What, Where: Revolutionary unrest in the Russia empire that was somewhat directed towards the government; included terrorism, worker strikes, peasant unrest, and military mutinies
Causes: Russo-Japanese War and Bloody Sunday; loss of authority of the Tsar
Consequences: Resulted in the establishment of limited constitutional monarchy, the State Duma of the Russian Empire, the multi-party system, and the Russian Constitution of 1906 -
Russia Enters WWI
Who, What, Where: Russian entered World War I in order to help defend Siberia; called for social revolution; Nicholas II did not have much of a decision in entering the war
Causes: Siberia, a Russian ally, was attacked and accused of assassination by Austria-Hungary;
Russia had made itself the guardian of all Slavic and Eastern Orthodox people
Consequences: Entrance in the war helped speed up the demise of the tsarist regime and paved the way for the Revolution of 1917 -
Rasputin Murdered
Who, What, Where: Nobles were concerned that Rasputin was influencing the decisions of the Empress Alexandra while Tsar Nicholas II was at the front; he was shot 3 times and thrown into a river before they had killed him
Causes: Peasants saw Rasputin as “the dark force” that was ruining Mother Theresa; rumors said that Rasputin was going to impact the Imperial family
Consequences: Rasputin's predictions of Nicholas II losing Tsardom and his family being killed came true -
March Revolution
Who, What, Where: Resulting from much discontent in Russia; the Duma disobeying Nicholas II is said to be the first act of the Russian Revolution; Signs that said "Down with the Tsar" and "Down with the war" were displayed
Causes: Discontent in Russia, particularly starting with the workers’ protests; tons of Russia joined the cause, even military officers
Consequences: Tsar Nicholas II was turned against and lost his tsardom -
Tsar Nicholas II Abdicates
Who, What, Where: Nicholas II was a weak ruler; he hired a secret police to help him control the country; their brutality turned many against Nicholas and he was eventually forced to abdicate
Causes: Many blamed Nicholas II for the country’s lead downhill; Nicholas was seen as not having the qualities of a good leader; World War I
Consequences: Nicholas II was the last tsar of Russia -
Bolshevik Revolution
Who, What, Where: Trotsky planned the revolution; the government could not do anything about it because they were weak; Trotsky and the Red Army seized railroad stations and telephones; Bolsheviks had taken over Petrograd and eventually Russia
Causes: Russia was in ruins; failure of the Provisional Government; the Appeal of the Bolshevik Party
Consequences: Union of Soviet Socialist Republics; Bolsheviks gained control of Russia -
Murder of the Romanovs
Who, What, Where: Tsar Nicholas II and his family were executed on the night of July 16, 1918 in Yekaterinburg, Russia; Yurovsky organized the kill and announced the Ural Executive Committee's decision to execute the Romanovs while they were in the basement; their bodies were disposed in the woods
Causes: After vast failure to be a leader by Nicholas II, the Ural Executive Committee decided to kill the Romanovs
Consequences: 11 people died, all related to the Romanovs in some way -
Treaty of Versailles
Who, What, Where: The treaty was a peace settlement signed after World War I between Germany and the Allies; the Big Three contained David Lloyd George, Georges Clemenceau and Woodrow Wilson, who decided what the treaty should contain
Causes: World War I; the deaths of millions of soldiers had swept the land
Consequences: Land was taken from Germany and they had to pay reparations; signaled isolation for Germany -
USSR Formed
Who, What, Where: Russia and its old tsarist empire was renamed the Union of Socialist Soviet Republics; began with Russia and three other republics: Belorussia, Ukraine and the Transcaucasian Republic;
Causes: The USSR grew in the wake of the 1917 Bolshevik Revolution led by Vladimir Lenin
Consequences: instituted “five-year plans” designed to advance industrialization and build the USSR into a world power; The USSR existed until 1991 and was replaced with the Commonwealth of Independent State -
Lenin Dies
Who, What, Where: Lenin was already not in the best health due to intolerable strains; Lenin had a stroke in 1922 and after his third stroke in 1923 he was bedridden; he later died of cerebral arteriosclerosis after his fourth stroke
Cause: Lenin suffered from four strokes; he previously was shot and also suffered from war damages; syphilis is also a debating factor
Consequences: the uprising of Stalin -
Stalin Takes Power
Who, What, Where: Most thought Trotsky would take power after Lenin’s death; Stalin was made General Secretary of the Communist Party in 1922; no one liked Trotsky; Many would say that Stalin secretly snuck his way into power
Causes: The previous leader, Lenin, had died in 1922 of a heart attack; Stalin was very sneaky and sucked-up to Lenin near the time of his death
Consequences: The rule of Stalin eventually led to a large economic boom -
Death of Trotsky
Who, What, Where: Attacked by Franck Johnson, a French Jew; He is alleged to have attacked Trotsky suddenly, battering his skull and injuring his right shoulder and right knee; he was assassinated by an ice ax in mexico
Causes: Trotsky was said to be attacked suddenly by Franck Johnson and borderline beaten to death
Consequences: Trotsky died
