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Decembrist Revolt
Happened on December 14th, 1825
Russian army led approx. 3000 soldiers that protested against Nicholas I
Rebels were called Decembrist because they rebelled in December
Occurred at Senate Square in St. Petersburg
Rebels felt threatened by Nicholas’s conservative views
Defeated by his forces
Nicholas felt that liberalism was a major problem
Wanted a constitutional monarchy
Tsar killed five leaders and exiled many to Siberia -
Period: to
Russian Revolution
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Emancipation of the Serfs
Happened in 1861
Crimean War helped this to happen
Russia’s military was weak since it consisted mostly of serfs which caused them to suffer in the Crimean War
Alexander II tried to reform serfdom and created a commitee in 1857 to solve the problem
In 1861, legislation was passed giving the serfs freedom
Serfs were free, but weren’t given land
Got a small portion of land that they had to pay for
Got their freedom, but never really got real freedom since they had no money to buy anything -
Bloody Sunday
workers complained about the bad conditions they were forced to work in. In 1903, a priest formed a union. In 1904, prices rose and wages went down, Gapon wanted action so the union went on strike, 110,000 workers in St. Petersburg went on strike. Gapon made a petition, wanted to reduce work hours, increase wages, and improve conditions for the workers, On Sunday, Gapon led workers to Winter Palace to give the petition to Nicholas II.attacked by the police and Cossacks. 100 killed, 300 wounded -
Revolution of 1905
mass political and social unrest throughout Russian empire.Against the gov. and Nicholas II. Terrorism, worker strikes, peasant unrest and military mutinies. Established limited constitutional monarchy,State Duma of the Russian Empire, multi-party system, and Russian Constitution of 1906. Liberals wanted political reforms and constitution. Strike occured at a plant in St. Petersburg, provoked public indignation and massive strikes. Jan. 22nd, 1905-Oct. 17th 1905. Created October Manifesto. -
Russia Enters WWI
largest army in the world at this time;1.4 million
fully mobilized;5 million
entered because Serbia, an ally of Russia, was attacked and accused of an assassination
once Austria declared war on Serbia, they joined against Austria and Germany
believed that they would be successful and wanted to gain something from the war
serf that were unarmed were being placed in the front lines and being slaughtered
suffered countless losses since they were unprepared -
Rasputin Murdered
a peasant who claimed powers of healing and prediction
aristocracy didn’t like him in such a high position
tsarina might have been sleeping with him
the dark force that was ruining Russia
several members of aristocracy attempted to kill him
Prince Felix Yousupov, Dmitry Pavlovich, Vladimir Purishkevich, Lieutenant Sukhotin, Dr. Lazavert
plan was conducted; really difficult to kill him
tried to poison him
shot in the head by Purishkevich
tried to keep murder a secret
sealed fate of Russia -
March Revolution
workers went on strike, wanted a 50% wage increase
30,000 workers locked out of work
Nicholas thought they strikes would end
riots got worse, Nicholas didn’t let the emergency food supplies get put out
people got killed, rioters became more angry as police tried to intervene
opened prisons, wanted tsar to quit
ordered Duma to not meet
met in chaos, took place of tsar
soldiers refused to fire, some joined
Nicholas abdicated weeks later
new gov. was powerless
soviets tried to challenge new gov. -
Tsar Nicholas II Abdicates
World War I was a key reason
the autocracy, size of Russia, and opposing groups were also causes
March Revolution drove Nicholas to step down from the throne as the riots and protests began getting worse
he couldnt control such a large country so he got a secret police force to help control it
methods were brutal
never gave the people what they wanted or needed
forcing the serfs to particpate in the war unarmed basically proved that he didn’t care much for them
lost popularity among the people -
Bolshevik Revolution
wanted a socialist revolution
Lenin was the leader
won support among workers and soldiers
“Land! Peace! Bread!”
Provisional Government became weak and they wanted to arrest Lenin
Bolsheviks captured government buildings and arrested members of new gov.
Lenin told peasants to keep land and peace with Germany
signed treaty of Brest-Litovsk
signified end of Russia’s involvement with WWI
Bolsheviks and Lenin gained power over Russia -
Murder of the Romanovs
while in the cellar of their house during the war, they were held prisoner by Bolshevik captors
murder was savage and cruel
some were clubbed and even stabbed if the gun shots didn’t kill them
three servants and the family doctor there
twelve Red Army soldiers killed them
princesses had to be finished off with bayonets since they had jewels in their blouses
rumor that Anastasia had survived, but proved to be false
relatives were continuing the attack on Russia so they had to kill them -
Treaty of Versailles
one of the peace treaties that ended WWI
leaders gathered at a peace conference and was signed by the Allied Powers and Germany
required Germany to admit sole responsibility for causing the war
had to pay reparations for the war
was stripped of many military and political freedoms
many were not happy with the outcome of this treaty -
Lenin Dies/USSR formed
Bolsheviks launched the “Red Terror”
won two year civil war against opposed to them
New Economic Policy was introduced to help failing economy
joined with Ukraine, Belorussia, Georgia, Armenia, and Azerbaijan
stands for Union of Soviet Socialist Republics
renamed by Lenin
Lenin died of a stroke on January 21st, 1924
he feared the party would split after he died
died from the complications of the strokes he had suffered -
Stalin Takes Power/ Death of Trotsky
when Lenin dies, Stalin and Trotsky are at war with each other
both want to take power and trotsky was supposed to rule USSR
Trotsky was unpopular and Stalin was very sneaky and manupulative
too big-headed and wanted world revolution-Trotsky
Stalin played one side against the other to take power
Stalin put Trotsky into exile and later assassinated him
Trotsky was killed in the 1940s by Stalin’s agents
