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Bloody Sunday
Unarmed, peaceful demonstrators marching to present a petition to the Tsar Nicholas II were fired upon by soldiers of the Imperial Guard when approaching the city center and the Winter Palace from several gathering points. This is one of the key events which led to the Russian Revolution of 1917. -
Bolsheviks
Were a faction of the Marxist Russian Social Democratic Labour Party (RSDLP) which split apart from the Menshevik faction at the Second Party Congress in 1903.The Bolsheviks came to power in Russia during the October Revolution phase of the Russian Revolution of 1917, and founded the Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic which would later in 1922 become the chief constituent of the Soviet Union. -
The february Revolution
The february Revolution of 1917 was the first of two revolutions in Russia, it was centered on Petrograd on Women's Day in March. It involved mass demonstrations and armed clashes with police and gendarmes, the last loyal forces of the Russian monarchy. The immediate result of the revolution was the abdication of Tsar Nicholas II, the end of the Romanov dynasty, and the end of the Russian Empire. -
Fall of the Russian Empire
Nicholas II was the last Tsar of Russia. His rise and fall can be attributed, as all great mythology teaches us, from his own hubris (means extreme pride or arrogance). There were, however, many social, economic and political factors that led to the fall of Nicholas II and the Russian Empire. Indeed, at the time of Nicholas II birth, the seeds of revolution were already fomenting as subversive Russian literature promulgated by such groups as The Decembrist's. -
The October Revolution
The Bolshevik seizure of power in Petrograd in October 1917 was celebrated for over seventy years by the Soviet government as a sacred act that laid the foundation for a new political order which would transform "backward" Russia (and after 1923 the Soviet Union) into an advanced socialist society. Officially known as the October Revolution, it was regarded by the Bolsheviks' enemies -- and continued to be interpreted by many western historians -- as a conspiratorial coup that deprived Russia. -
The Civil War
Anti-Communist forces surrounded Red Russia,the Tsar and his family were killed. Was a multi-party war in the former Russian Empire fought between the Bolshevik Red Army and the White Army, the loosely allied anti-Bolshevik forces. Finally The Red Army defeated the White Armed Forces. The remains of the White forces commanded by Pyotr Nikolayevich Wrangel were beaten in the Crimea and were evacuated in the autumn of 1920. -
Why was the Fall of The Russian Empire produced?
-Attempted reform hit problems – 1906 to 1911.
-The Revolutionary Parties:
*The ‘February’ Revolution of 1917.
*Revolutionary opposition was widespread. *Marxism said capitalism was wrong.Marx saw history as a process of change. *The Communist ideal… and reality. -
Reasons why the Civil War was inevitable by 1918
The communists had seized power suddenly and repressed the elected National Assembly.Anti-Communist army officers were no longer fighting Germany and now they could attack the Communists. Communism wanted a world revolution –the Comintern (Third International) was formed under the Bolshevik Zinoviev to promote revolution abroad and to encourage friendly governments in nearby European countries. -
Treaty of Brest Litovsk
Lenin had this treaty signed to get Russia out of WWI. The treaty gave Germany parts of Russian land as well as coal mines. This was the only way for Russia to survive the war. People were slightly angered at the loss of Russian land, due to sever feeling of Nationalism, but Lenin had very little other choice. -
NEP-The New Economic Policy
Lenin deals with the economical problems of Russia and purposes the New Economy Policy. This lead to "State Capitalism". This meant that all of the businesses and land will be owned by the goverment for a communism economy. Lenin soon figured that he needed some of the big industries to be a private business to keep the economy more in shape. This was later replaced by Stalins 5 year plan -
Death of Lenin
Vladimir Lenin (22 April 1870 – 21 January 1924), was a Russian Revolutionist, the politcal leader of the bolsheviks and the leader of the 1917 October Revolution, and creator of the USSR. As the leafer of the Bolsheviks he led the Reds to victory in the Russian Civil War. Many mourned of the loss of one of the greatest leaders of Russia. -
Collectivisation
was enforced under Stalin between 1928 and 1940.Food production had to be increased:
-In 1929 Stalin began cellectivising all farms
-There were problems with collectivization
-Stalin declared war on the Kulaks -
How a collective farm worked?
Land was pooled together. Peasants worked together => Harvest => Some sold to government at low fixed price. Some kept by peasants
Sovjos: Tenant: Estate
Koljos: Tenant: Collectivization of peasants: kulaks -
Period: to
Five Year Plans
Key Players: StalinDescription: -Stalin innovates on Lenins New Economy Plan-Multiple 5 year plansSignificance: - To make Russa a leading industrial power-He created jobs for every citizen in Russia-helped Russias economy stay on its feet -
Period: to
The purges
- Stalin put Russia in a "Great Terror"-Police surveillance>suspicousness>executionsSignificance: -The Repression-Anti communist were seriously punished / even with no evidence just the suspection > People began to point fingers when conflicted with the police> this created a free walk by citizens-Special police were watching special police-Stalin feared opposition and purged all who potentially could oppose him.
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Nazi-Soviet Pact
This was a pact that ensured the safety between the Soviets and Russia. Russia seen the forces of Germany and was unprepared. The signing if this pact gave the time for Russia to begin building there army. Later on this pact was soon broking as the Nazis had "Operation Barbarossa. -
Operation Barbarrosa
Germany decides to invade Russia after failing to attack and maintain London. This attack on Russia broke the Nazi-Soviet Pact and was a true test to the Russians politacally, socially and economy. This was one of the turning points of WW2
