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Alex III
In 1881, Alexander III succeeded his father, Alexander II, and halted all reforms in Russia. Like his grandfather Nicholas I, Alexander III clung to the principles of autocracy, a form of government in which he had total power. -
Nicholas II
When Nicholas II became czar in 1894, he continuedthe tradition of Russian autocracy. Unfortunately,it blinded him to the changing conditions of his times. -
Russian Marxists
In 1903, Russian Marxists split into two groups overrevolutionary tactics. The more moderate Mensheviks wanted a broad base of popular support for the revolution. -
Bloody Sunday: The Revolution of 1905
On January 22, 1905, about200,000 workers and their familiesapproached the czar’s Winter Palacein St. Petersburg. They carried apetition asking for better workingconditions, more personal freedom,and an elected national legislature. -
Bloody Sunday
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Bloody Sunday
Nicholas reluctantly promised more freedom. He approvedthe creation of the Duma Russia’s first parliament. The first Duma met in May 1906. -
World War I: The Final Blow
Nicholas II made the fateful decision to drag Russia into World War I. Russia was unprepared to handle the military and economic costs. Its weak generals and poorly equipped troops were no match for the German army. -
Rasputin
In 1916, a group of nobles murdered Rasputin. They feared his increasing role in government affairs. -
The March Revolution
In March 1917, women textile workers in Petrograd led a citywide strike. In the next five days, riots flared up over shortages of bread and fuel. -
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Russia Civil War
From 1918 to 1920, civil war raged in Russia. Several Western nations, including the United States, sent military aid and forces to Russia to help the White Army. However, they were of little help. -
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