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Alexander III dies and is succeeded by his eldest son Nicholas II
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Maksim Gorky's play "The Lower Depths" stages thieves, prostitutes and tramps
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Cossacks fire on peaceful protesters led by priest Georgy Gapon in St Petersburg
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responding to a general strike, Czar Nicholas II issues the October Manifesto, a sort of constitution that establishes Russia's first parliament (Duma)
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The first duma convenes, with the largest block being won by the Cadets (38%)
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World War I breaks out in the Balkans, pitting Britain, France, Italy, Russia, Serbia, USA and Japan against Austria, Germany and Turkey (400,000 Russian soldiers die in 1914 alone)
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Russia has already suffered almost two million deaths in WWI
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Bending to riots by women, striking workers and defecting soldiers, Czar Nicholas II abdicates, thereby ending the Romanov dynasty
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The Soviet Union is created by uniting Russia, Ukraine, Belarus and Transcaucasus
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Stalin enacts the first Five-Year Plan for rapid industrialization of the Soviet Union