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1555
Peace of Augsburg
Took place in 1555. Allowed each German ruler to decide whether their state would be Catholic or Lutheran. It ended Christian unity. Calvinism wasn’t included as one of the religions which led to the “Thirty Years War”. -
1556
Phillip 2
The “Most Catholic King”. He believed in divine rights of monarchs.Phillip had the strongest empire at the time.He had a victory over turkey in 1571.He wasn’t fortunate in his other conflicts.Demanded loyalty and tried to enforce Catholicism.He was a patron of the arts and founded academics of science and mathematics. With him as ruler they went into a “Golden Age”. Part of the Hapsberg family. Started ruling Spain in 1556. -
Elizabeth 1
Queen Elizabeth was part of the Tudor family she helped the south in their revolution against Spain. She restored Protestantism in England that kept most people satisfied. She balanced power between Spain and France.Thought the war would be a disaster to England but couldn’t escape conflict with Spain.Her Catholic half sister was Queen Mary Tudor. Earned the name Bloody Mary because she had 280 people burned at the stake. -
French Wars of Religion
The War dragged on for 30 years. Started 1598 ended 1568.Started because they fought over what religion the French were supposed to be.The fights killed large number of helpless people on both sides. King Henry ended it by issuing Edict of Nantes -
Edict of Nantes
Issued in 1598 by Henry IV of France. It was made to end the French Wars of Religion. It made Catholicism the official religion of France. Gave Huguenots the right to follow their own religion. -
Time of Troubles
Ended in 1613. A period of time where Russia couldn’t find a new ruler after Feodor 1 death. It ended when the National Assembly, chose a new czar Michael Romanov.In 1598 a period of anarchy for Ivan IV followed after because Ivan had no strong heirs because he killed his son who would have been next in line. -
Restoration
Monarchy was restored (returned) in England. Charles the 2 returned to england and became king -
Louis XIV
“The Sun King” was the best example of royal absolutism. He claimed divine right of kings. Never called a meeting of Estates general during his reign . Built a strong standing army. The highest nobles and princes posed the biggest threat because they had more power. So he removed them from the royal council. Produced anti Protestant policy.ruled as a regent until 1617. -
Thirty Years War
Took place in 1618 at the the Holy Roman Empire.The Catholic forces led by Hapsberg Holy Roman Empires and Protestants usually that we’re Calvinism nobles from Bohemia we’re fighting against each other. They are fighting over the Peace of Augsburg not including Calvinism.Ended with 300 states of Holy Roman Empire granted national sovereignty and freedom to choose their religion. -
Petition of Right
Charles 1 King at the time didn’t listen to Parliament. The king levied taxes without the consent of Parliament. Troops were quartered in peoples homes. He believed and wanted to achieve the idea of divine rights. -
English Civil War
The Kings Supporters (Cavaliers or Royalists) vs. Forces of Parliament (Roundheads). Oliver Cromwell was Parliaments general.Cavaliers are wealthy nobles who believed in Divine Rights of Kings. Roundheads are the countries gentries believed Parliament should make the laws. -
Oliver Cromwell
Oliver Cromwell was a Puritan and a member of Parliament. He served as a general for Parliaments side in the English Civil War in 1642. He inspired a new model army. This new army defeats Charles in series of battles.He dissolved the Rump Parliament in 1653 and ruled England as a military dictator. He promoted Puritan morality. Under his rule Sunday was only for Church, theaters and taverns were closed,swearing was banned and most sports. -
Peace of Westphalia
Ended fighting in 1648. Sweden, France, and their allies gained new territory. The more than 300 states of the Holy Roman Empire were granted national sovereignty and the freedom to determine their own religion -
The Execution of a King
Parliament condemned Charles1 as “a tyrant, traitor, murderer, and public enemy.” Charles 1 was beheaded on January 30,1649.He was the first ever a ruling monarch had been tried and executed by his own people. -
Jean Babtiste Colbert
From 1661-1683 he served as Louis XIV’s brilliant France minister. Had new lands cleared for farming and he encouraged mining.Implemented mercantilist polices to encourage economic growth. He placed high tariffs on foreign goods. The financial help of Colbert couldn’t produce enough income to support the “Sun Kong’s” spendings. -
Peter the Great
In 1682 he rose to power.He was supposed to share throne with Sophia. Sophia had throne but peter had divine rights.he became a czar in 1689. He followed their traditions. He traveled to Europe for knowledge and built ships in Amsterdam. He explored Europe because he hoped Russia could catch up to their level.Built St.Pettersburg. -
Glorious Revolution
Is when King James 2 was overthrown and his Protestant daughter Mary 1 and William of Orange ruled over because of political and religious concerns.Gave Parliament more power over the monarchy. -
English Bill Of Rights
Was made so that William of Orange and Mary 1 could be crowned. The Bill of Rights ensured Parliament had power over monarchy. The results were trial by jury, abolishing excessive fines and cruel punishment and not being held in prison without being charged of a crime. -
William and mary
William the 3 of orange and Mary 1 became new rulers. After Mary’s father James the 2 wasn’t king anymore Mary and William took the reign. In order for them to have been crowned they had to sign documents that were the “English Bill of Rights”. William also led a revolt in north providence. -
Building of St. Petersberg
Peter the Great was motivated to build a new capital for Russia St.Petersberg. He was motivated by the fact that if the Dutch could do it so could he. It was built on mud and bones. He knew a lot of people were gonna die in order to build the new capital
