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Villages of Macedon are big enough to be considered cities. Strong free citizen army; payment secured by defeating enemies -
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King Phillip 11 re-unites country torn by civil war. Rallied up a large free citizen army with innovations in heavy calvary and new phalanx with longer spears. -
The successor and son of Phillip 11, Alexander The Great helps lead cavalry in full scale Macedonian invasion. -
Following the murder of King Phillip11, Alexander The Great takes control of Greece. Alexander continues the mission of his father until his death in 323 BCE in which Alexander is said to have died in celebration with his generals. -
Thought the success of Alexander the Great is obvious, not all monarchies had the same principles and motives. Following the death of Alexander Rome was soon torn by civil war.
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According to roman legend the Romans had been a republic since 509BCE when the Romans defeated a foreign monarchy. True evidence shows that around 200 BCE Rome began forming into the republic when they began assimilating the celts.
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Sulla was made a dictator, he strengthenedSenate at the expense of the Plebeian Assembly, by having his enemies in Rome murdered and their property seized. The problem for the Republic is Sulla ultimately proved that he was loyal to Rome as a republic, other generals arent garanteed to be the same.
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Tiberius, stepson of Augustus takes rule in new established principate. Tiberious left certain delegations to the senate ensuring empire remained secure and wealthy. Though he shighed away from war because he did not see the immediate benefits.
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The senate proposed legislation and could veto the legislation of the consuls. More important the senate's power was its ability to designate funds for war and public building,