Romciv - Midterm 1

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  • Period: 1000 BCE to 900 BCE

    Earliest graves in the Forum area

  • 753 BCE

    Traditional date of the Founding of Rome

    April 21st,753 BC.
  • Period: 753 BCE to 509 BCE

    Regal Period

    Monarchy of Roman kings during this period.
  • Period: 750 BCE to 725 BCE

    Stone wall built around base of Palatine hill

  • 550 BCE

    Rome is now a large and complex city...

  • 509 BCE

    Tarquin expelled and first year of the Republic!

    L. TARQUINIUS SUPERBUS, the 7th King of Rome is expelled after the rape and suicide of Lucretia at the hands of his son, the prince SEXTUS TARQUINIUS.
  • Period: 509 BCE to 31 BCE

    Republic

  • 507 BCE

    Capitoline Temple dedicated to the Capitoline Triad; Jupiter, Juno and Minerva

    Shortly after the expulsion of the Kings, on the 13th of September, 507; there is the dedication of the Capitoline Temple (Capitolium) to Jupiter, Juno and Minerva. Capitoline Triad = Jupiter, Juno and Minerva. This was the largest temple in the Mediterranean at the time, demonstrating Rome's economic power.
  • 496 BCE

    Battle of Lake Regillus

    A battle between the Romans and the Latin League, which ends up weakening both sides. Because of this, the Aequi and Volsci decide to attack, causing Rome and the Latin League to join forces with the e of a new treaty establishment.
  • 494 BCE

    Secession of the plebs

    A lot of plebeians ended up in debt bondage in order to live; essentially they became slaves to whoever had lent them money. They decide to stage a general strike and leave Rome, making camp just outside the city. The Patricians send out ambassadors to the camp, and settle on an agreement to eliminate all existing debt bondage and to establish a new office, the Tribune of the Plebs.
  • 493 BCE

    Treaty between Rome and Latin League

    Establishment of a treaty between Rome and the Latin League, which included: 1) eternal peace, 2) military cooperation against 3rd party aggressors, 3) Any spoils that come from wars against 3rd party aggressors are split, 4) gives legal force to the rights of conubium, commercium, and migratio.
  • Period: 451 BCE to 450 BCE

    Decemviri in power

    The Secession of the Plebs made it evident that the Plebs did not know what the laws were, and neither did many of the Patricians. The regular government is suspended for a year, and a board of ten people is set up (the Decemviri) who take on the regular responsibilities of the Consuls, as well as codifying the laws.
  • 396 BCE

    Defeat of Veii

    Veii is an Etruscan city to the north of Rome, that the Romans have been fighting against for almost 100 years. They end up defeating Veii, effectively doubling their territory.
  • 390 BCE

    Conquest of Rome by Senones

    Note: the actual date of the conquest of Rome by the Senones was in 386 BC; this is simply the traditional date. The Senones meet the Roman army at the river Allia on the 18th of July, 390 BC. The Romans are defeated and driven back to Rome, where the Senones besiege them in the Capitoline Temple for 7 months, as they loot, burn, and plunder the rest of the city.
  • 378 BCE

    Servian wall built

    Completely encircles Rome. Was named the Servian wall as it was thought to have been built by the 6th king of Rome, Servius Tullius, although this was not the case.
  • Period: 343 BCE to 290 BCE

    First, second, and third Samnite Wars

    Rome sees Samnium as a threat, and wages war against them for 50 years. Rome is able to defeat Samnium, and by the end of the Samnite Wars, the Romans control all of central Italy.
  • 340 BCE

    Defeat of the Latin League at Naples

  • 338 BCE

    Dissolution of the Latin League

    Establishment of the three-tiered system of relationships to Rome that allied states could have: 1) Civitas Optimo Iure 2) Civitas Sine Suffragio 3) Civitates Foederatae (latin allies or free states)
  • 312 BCE

    Via Appia completed

    The first Roman highway - built by Appius Claudis Caecus (Appius Claudius the Blind). Goes south to Capua.
  • 280 BCE

    King Pyrrhus of Epirus invades Italy, wins victory at Heraclea

    King Pyrrhus, a distant relative of Alexander the Great, arrives with infantry, cavalry, and elephants, and defeats the Romans at Heraclea.
  • 279 BCE

    Pyrrhus wins 'Pyrrhic victory' at Ausculum; leaves for Syracuse

    Pyrrhus meets the Romans again, and both armies obliterate each other, though Pyrrhus is technically the winner. He then tries to move north, but Rome is surrounded by allies and therefore he has no luck. He is force to retreat, bu he has almost no army left. He then leaves for Syracuse, capital of Greek Sicily to help the greeks fight the Carthaginians. He is ultimately unsucessful against the Carthaginians.
  • 275 BCE

    Pyrrhus returns to Italy and is defeated at Beneventum

    While Pyrrhus was in Syracuse, the Romans had learned how to deal with the Greek phalanx and elephants; they are therefore able to defeat him at Beneventum.
  • 272 BCE

    Rome captures Tarentum

    Rome, in retaliation for the fact that Tarentum had sent Pyrrhus to attack them, capture Tarentum. Soon after, all of southern Italy falls into their hands.
  • Period: 264 BCE to 241 BCE

    First Punic War

    First war between the Carthaginians and the Romans in (what was at the time) Greek Sicily. The Romans are dragged into this war because of the Mamertines. Eventually, the Romans successfully drive the Carthaginians out.
  • 255 BCE

    One of two only major Roman defeats in First Punic War

    This defeat was on land.
  • 249 BCE

    Roman defeat at Drepana/Drepanum

    One of two only major Roman defeats during the First Punic War. This was a naval defeat, caused by P. Claudius Pulcher, who had a navy of 123 ships, deciding to attack a Carthaginian ship, despite the sacred chickens on his boat not eating, meaning that the gods disapproved of this action.
  • 241 BCE

    Sicily is made the first Roman province

    During the Punic wars; the Romans end up defeating the Carthaginians and taking Sicily. They then make it the first Roman province.
  • 237 BCE

    Sardinia and Corsica are made into Roman provinces; Carthage turns to Spanish conquest

    The Romans then take Sardinia and Corsica from the Carthaginians and make them provinces as well.
  • 219 BCE

    Siege of Saguntum

    In Spain, the Romans controlled the territory to the north of the River Ebro, while the Carthaginians, the territory to the south. However, Rome had previously established a diplomatic relationship with Saguntum, a city to the south of Ebro. This was grandfathered by the treaty, however Saguntum took advantage of this fact and plundered the Carthaginians in the south. The Carthaginians decide to attack Saguntum, and Hannibal declares war against Rome.