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"Eccentricity and confusion of genres replaced reason and masterful simplicity" - Antonio Salieri Symphonies with Programs
Sonata form distorted
Operatic dramas intensified
More Minor Keys
Larger Orchestras and choirs
longer pieces
more percussion and brass
phrasing less symmetrical and more expansive
ascending sixths favored in melodies -
Invasion that ended in catastrophic failure for the French.
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War fought between the US and its allies on one side, and the UK, its dependent colonies in North America, allies, and Spain on the other.
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An article about Beethoven's instrumental music was published in a music journal that reviewed new music and composers. The journal was called "Allgemeine musikalische Zeitung"
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a large allied army defeated Napoleon's forces
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Johann Salomon and others founded the Philharmonic Society in London. A concert series with a repertory founded on Beethoven's symphonies.
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Opera composer, he changed opera, harmony and music in general
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most important Italian composer in the mid to late 19th century, primarily an opera composer, very popular Requiem, some other choral music and 2 string quartets, 28 operas
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Napoleon was abdicated to the island of Elba
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Europe was reorganized after agreements were reached, The Romantic Era began without a unified Germany, as the century goes on, this becomes an issue, as some long for German unification
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poem by Johann Wolfgang von Goethe
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Socializing, eating, or coming and going during musical performances like they did during Mozart’s day and earlier were no longer acceptable
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The war between the US and the UK and Spain ends
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Keyed brass instrument similar in range to a trombone, patented by Jean Hilaire Aste, family of different sizes, butt of jokes today
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Painting by Caspar David Friedrich. Captures the Romantic Spirit, the idea of longing, whether it be peace, freedom, happiness, love, or beauty
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German composer, pianist and piano teacher, wife of Robert Schumann, 1 piano concerto, chamber music, songs, and many pieces for solo piano, cadenzas for piano concertos by Mozart and Beethoven
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placed severe limits on freedom and expression by individuals such as Universities and the press. Vienna didn't allow any kind of artistic expression in the 1820's
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known for his operettes
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Objects art and life were all romanticized, the individual was valued thus having more focus on what that composer had to say. composers were more important than the performer to the audience. extreme emotions ("The Cult of Individual Feeling")
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de facto leader of the French Republic, French military and political leader. Led several campaigns during the Revolutionary Wars. Revered and then despised by Ludwig von Beethoven.
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The first ever German romantic opera composed by Carl Maria von Weber.
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Opera composed by Carl Maria von Weber
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German author, jurist, composer, music critic and artist
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Italian composer, on the founding faculty of the Paris Conservatoire and became it's director the same year.
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music school located in London
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Bohemian, best known for his programmatic cycle of 6 symphonic poems, considered the founder of Czech music
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German composer, conductor, piano virtuoso, guitarist and music critic, composed the first German romantic opera
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American song composer, first American to make a living as a professional songwriter
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German composer and pianist, one of the most famous composers in history
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Austrian composer, composed in all genres, over 600 Lieder, 17 operas and Singpiele, 9 symphonies, 35 chamber works, 200 choral pieces
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one year after Beethoven's death, Hector Berlioz published a 3 part Beethoven biography
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American nationalist, born in New Orleans, LA, his mom was from the Caribbean and his father was British and Jewish
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Berlioz orchestrated a program in a new and modern way. He was one of the first conductors to stand in front of an orchestra ad conduct
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Opera composed by Hector Berlioz
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symphony written by Hector Berlioz
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Chopin was educated at the Conservatory of Warsaw in Poland and the moved to Paris in the 1830's which was a new center for romanticism
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Wagner began composing operas, had some positions with regional opera companies
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famous opera composed by Vincenzo Bellini
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German writer and statesman, writings were incredibly influential on our romantic composers. Poetry, dramas, autobiography, books about literature, 4 novels, and scientific books on anatomy, botany and color.
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Hector Berlioz began writing detailed studies of Beethoven's symphonies, they were published in many journals
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Mazurka composed by Frederic Chopin, Mazurka is the subgenre, a Mazurka is a Polish folk dance in triple meter often with a heavy accent on the second or third beat of each measure
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German romantic composer, travelled to meet the Schumanns at age 20, continued the classical traditions, especially in form, one of the first editors of Bach's music, 4 symphonies, choral music, piano music, lieder, chamber music, overtures
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Opera composed by Hector Berlioz
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Italian opera composer,
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Composition by Clara Schumann
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opera overture composed by Giacomo Meyerbeer
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Composition by Fanny Mendelssohn
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opera composer, blended styles into opera comique
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Opera composed by Hector Berlioz.
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Composer of ballets
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A reaction against Germany by countries who wanted to proclaim their own nationalistic worth and patriotism in the face of Germany's arrogant stance
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Czech composer and nationalist, had an interest in United States folk music, studied Black American cultures and music of the Native Americans
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composition by Robert Schumann
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Nordic composer and nationalist, famous for Peer Gynt (incidental music) and a famous piano concerto
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Wagner was appointed as the second Kapellmeister for the King of Saxony in Dresden
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a set of short, lyrical character pieces composed by Felix Mendelssohn, 8 volumes of 6 songs each, 48 total
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German composer of most genres, revived of J.S. Bach's music in Leipzig
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German composer and sister to Felix Mendelssohn. Would write under "F. Mendelssohn" so her works could be made public. more than 100 works for solo piano, more than 200 Lieder, 24 works for chorus, several works for orchestra including an overture, works for various chamber ensembles
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Famous opera
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Italian opera composer, wrote over 70 operas
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Austria was ruling Germany at this time
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delicate style pianist and composer
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Classicism and Romanticism were seen as distinct historical periods or definable artistic styles
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Richard Wagner's music dramas dominated later German opera, Wagner's operas were very large productions; an influence from French Grand Opera
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Wagner publishes an article in 1850 called "Jewishness in music"
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famous opera
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famous opera
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famous opera
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Anglo-Irish actress and wife of Hector Berlioz
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Composition by Robert Schumann
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(The Banjo, Grotesque Fantasy: An American Sketch) composition by Louis Moreau Gottschalk, features snipits of Stephen Foster's "Camptown Races" and "American" spirituals
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German composer, pianist and music critic, more important as an editor and promoter of music, 4 symphonies, 300+ Lieder, a piano concerto, much chamber and piano music, one bad opera
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German poet, writer and literary critic
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English composer and nationalist
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Operette composed by Jacques Offenbach
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Most important Italian composer after Verdi
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Chancellor of Austria, hosted the Congress of Vienna and was instrumental in shaping social activities, fueled two new music genres, the character piece and the Lied
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Spanish composer and nationalist
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Polish pianist and composer, prime minister and foreign minister of Poland in 1919
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known as a conductor and composer, music neglected until after WW2
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English composer and nationalist, also lived in France and the US
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Hector Berlioz's most famous opera, based on his own libretto
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died broke and as a penniless alcoholic
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Jewish German composer who studied in Italy and composed French opera in Paris, known primarily for grand operas
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Operette composed by Jacques Offenbach
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Finnish composer and nationalist
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Czech comic opera composed by Smetana, played a large role in establishing Czech music, identified with the progressive ideas of Liszt and Wagner
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Spanish composer and nationalist
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Italian opera composer, the most important in the early 19th century, most famous composer in Europe in the early 19th century, continued Mozart's operatic style
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French composer, one of the most important early innovators of new orchestration and genres
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Germany was not unified as we think of it today until 1871
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famous opera
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famous Italian poet and novelist
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Symphonic poem composed by Bedřich Smetana. The Moldau is a river in Czechoslovakia
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Requiem composed by Verdi
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Opera composed by Georges Bizet
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Spanish composer and nationalist
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Four music drama cycle performed on four consecutive nights consisting of "The Rhine Gold", "The Valkyrie", and "The Twilight of the Gods"
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Famous ballet composed by Peter Ilyich Tchaikovsky
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("My Country") cycle of 6 poems
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Famous composition by Pyotr Ilyich Tchaikovsky
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Traditional 4 movement symphony composed by Johannes Brahms
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Hungarian composer, piano virtuoso, writer, conductor, innovator, supporter of Wagner
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famous opera
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Famous opera composed by Peter Ilyich Tchaikovsky
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Iconic ballet composed by Peter Ilyich Tchaikovsky
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Famous symphony by Antonin Dvorak, can be seen as a descriptive landscape, imbued the symphony with the flavor of America as he saw it