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Navigation Acts
-Say goods have to be shipped to England & penalty's will be enforced if not followed, have to pay taxes on certain goods to England & officers will enforce taxes in custom houses
-England wanted monopoly over colonies
-Effects: Britain had complete control over colonial trade
-Smuggling & Salutary Neglect began b/c colonists didn't want to pay taxes & follow rules so they could build own economy
-Began idea of colonies being self-sufficient & able to do these things on their own w/o Britain -
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The Great Awakening
-Social values in colonies change
-Material Possessions and Wealth > Spiritual values
-Lower class citizens only held onto & controlled religion
-Upper class fear rebellion & disobedience, felt lower class had too many rights
-Effects: Challenged religious authority which also challenges political authority
-Abandon Puritan Church, it declines
-Question authority of Britain, take a closer look at actions and begin to rebel
-Is govt. upholding social contract theory & protecting 3 natural rights -
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The French & Indian War
-Causes: land competition, control of trade routes, alliance w/ tribes, etc.
-War between French and British; both have Native allies
-Neutral war until British increase funds, take over forts & great lakes, invade Canada, allies w/ Iroquois
-British win
-Treaty of Paris ends war
-Spain, Britain take over New France
-Effects: Colonies restricted access to land, pay for war, enforcement of laws
-Acts are set in place to tax colonies to pay for war
-Resistance grows = Britain's war not colonies -
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Sugar, Stamp, Townsend, & Quartering Acts
Sugar Act: Taxes sugar products, lowers molasses act tax
Stamp Act: Taxes all printed goods
Townsend Act: Taxes glass, tea, paint, & other small goods
Quartering Act: Colonists must house & feed British troops
-Effects: All the acts create protest from colonies to get them repealed
-Sons/Daughters of liberty formed
-British goods boycotted
-Non-importation agreement, store won't sell British goods
-Felt rights violated & no taxation w/o representation
-Attack soldiers, smuggling, don't pay taxes -
Boston Massacre
-Confrontation between British troops and colonists of Boston
-Colonists say British fired first and that troops were ordered fire
-Troops say colonists attacked first; were acting in self defense
-Few people die in the incident
-In response to acts passed earlier
-Effect: Showed the resistance colonists had for the troops
-Paved way for more protests, showed they could hold their own
-More of a propaganda technique than a battle
-Britain lays low for a few years b/c of protests from colonists -
The Tea Act / Boston Tea Party
-Tax on Tea
-British East India Co. in danger of bankruptcy b/c of competition from the Dutch and poor investments
-British wanted a monopoly on tea over the colonies
-Colonists weren't happy about G.B. controlling their trades
-Caused rebellious actions like the Boston Tea Party
-The Sons of Liberty threw tea into the M.A. Bay
-Created more resistance with the colonies against G.B.
-G.B. sees action as threat to British rule, Boston should be punished
-Intolerable acts placed as punishment -
1st Continental Congress
-Gathered b/c of Intolerable Acts
-Crown shut down M.A. Gov. & Boston Harbor, make colonists house troops, etc.-- to punish/isolate Boston
-2 Questions: What are our rights? How should we defend them?
-Create Committees of Correspondence to enforce boycotts and non-importation agreements
-Impacts: 1st time colonies come together and question G.B.'s protection of their rights, begins the thought of what the crown is doing for them
-Begins boycotts by colonies to prove a point to the crown -
Lexington and Concord ("Shot Heard 'Round The World")
-Signaled the start of the Revolutionary War
-Militia formed in MA. the king wanted to shut down
-King wanted to seize leaders and munitions
-Paul Revere created a spy network to help win the battle
-G.B. didn't do good, more deaths to G.B. than the colonists
-Impacts: Gave colonists a morale boost, showing they have a fighting chance against the crown
-G.B. found nothing putting them in a bad spot, showing colonists on the fence, G.B. is not protecting the colonies, almost acting against them -
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2nd Continental Congress
-Discussed Independence or Reconciling w/ England, Dickinson urges reconciliation, J. Adams urges independence
-Dickinson wins argument at first -- Olive Branch Petition
-Petition fails to reconcile England and America, so colonists turn to J. Adams
-Draft the Declaration of Independence
-Impacts: Realize they need to declare independence, there will be a war
-King sees petition as a joke, declares colonies are in state of rebellion, shows he doesn't care about the well being of the colonies -
Declaration of Independence
- It was the final step to separate from England and begin the Revolutionary War
- Expressed what the Americans wanted and felt to the crown
- This document declared the rights the colonists should have and the justification for those rights
- Every delegate signed the Declaration other than John Dickinson
- Passed on July 4th, 1776
- It's impact on the crown, was it showed them the colonists weren't willing to follow England's rules anymore and they wanted the freedom and rights they deserve