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French and Indian War
causes: land competition, control over north american trade routes, traditional enemies
French and Indians fight British for control over strategic position. Eventually the British implement better battle tactics and millions of dollars to secure a victory.
effects: England has a massive war debt, England starts taxing American colonies -
Proclamation of 1763
causes: 7 Years War, England's massive war debt
Colonists are forbidden to go past the Appalachian Mountains, they also cannot settle in the Ohio River Valley
effects: Americans are upset because they view land as a rite, Westward expansion ends -
Stamp Act
causes: French and Indian War, need to pay back war debt, smuggling
Tax, sometimes very large, on printed goods such as diplomas. The British would put a stamp on paper goods.
effects: colonists upset and believe England is being unfair, non importation agreements, sons/daughters of liberty, boycotts -
Boston Massacre
causes: Townsend Acts, soldiers presence in Boston, Customs Houses
British soldiers stationed outside of Customs House. They shot into a mob and killed at least 5 people
effects: Intolerable Acts, King feels threatened and punishes Boston to a state of dependency -
Boston Tea Party
causes: Bankruptcy of East India Co., Tea Act, sons of Liberty upset
East India Co. is in debt and tax is imposed on tea to help bail them put, Americans will not buy British Tea, group board ship and dump tea overboard, $1-3 million lost in revenue.
effects: Intolerable Acts, King feels threatened and punishes Boston to a state of dependency -
1st Continental Congress
cause: intolerable acts
Rich male colonists meet to discuss their violations of rights, representation from other colonies leads to the decision to continue boycotts and non importation agreements.
effects: Enforcement from Committee of Correspondence -
Committees of Correspondence
cause: first continental congress, intolerable acts
Enforce boycotts and non importation agreements to make sure people are complying, they check customs house records and blacklist people who are not complying, The goal is to avoid mobs.
effects: effective boycotts, British lose money -
Intolerable Acts
causes: Boston Tea Party
Boston Port Act, MA govt. Act, 2nd Quartering Act, Quebec Act, Justice Acts. Meant to shut down government, loss of right to government, make an example of MA, try convicted soldiers in England so they often got a biased trial
effects: formation of first continental congress, uniting of all colonies -
Lexington and Concord
causes: King does not like the militia forming in MA, goal is to seize leaders and munitions
British very proudly march to Lexington, however the Americans are very aware because of the spy network; 150 colonists meet British on road, shots exchanged and more British are killed
effects: British morale decreases, 2nd Continental Congress -
John Adams Plan (1776)
causes: King's rejection of Olive Branch Petition, Bunker Hill
Adams proposed a plan to unite the colonies, this involved: making a colonial government, getting rid of non separatists, defining congress, foreign aid, and writing the Declaration of Independence
effects: Revolutionary War