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French Indian War
Between France and Great Britain. The British wanted the land and resources but the French and Native Americans would'nt allow that without a fight -
Washington's Defeat at Ft. Duquense/Ft. Necessity
-Young George Washington sent to Ohio River Valley to protect British colonists from French
-Fired first shots at French force near Fort Dusquesne
-French respond with 10-hour siege of Fort Necessity, Washington forced to surrender on 4th of July -
Albany Plan of Union
A plan Suggested by Benjamin Franklin. His plan called for all the colonies to come together and form a strongeer nation. Not one colony approved of this plan -
Treaty of Paris
The signing of the treaty formally ended the Seven Years' War, known as the French and Indian War.
-was signed on 10 February 1763 by the kingdoms of Great Britain, France and Spain, with Portugal in agreement, after Britain's victory over France and Spain during the Seven Years' War. -
Proclamation of 1763
-The Proclamation of 1763 didnt allow colonist to spred west of the Appalachain Mountains
-It was put into affect to make better relationship with the Native Americans
-The Proclamation angered colonists, as they had fought for this territory and believed they had a right to it.
-Many colonists settled on this territory anyway. -
Sugar Act
-First law ever passed by Parliament raising tax revenue in colonies
-Increased tax on sugar imported from West Indies to North American colonies
-Colonists- very unhappy. After bitter protest these taxes were substantially lowered and agitation died down. -
Stamp Act
Required that stamps were stuck to paper as proof of payment
-About fifty items needed stamps, including commercial and legal documents
-Examples: marriage licenses, bills of lading, newspapers, pamphlets, diplomas and playing cards
-Caused uproar in colonies- led to nonimportation agreements, and the Stamp Act Congress
-Repealed after much protest in 1766 -
Quartering Act
-Act passed by George Grenville in 1765 requiring certain colonies to provide food and lodging to British soldiers stationed there
-Kept colonial resentment alive after Sugar Tax reduction -
Sons of Liberty
-Formed by Samuel Adams
-Threatened Tax Officials by taring and feathering them, burned effigies, and protested the british acts
-Led the Boston Tea Party -
Daughters of Liberty
-Formed shortly after the Townshed Acts.
-Led Boycotts against Britains goods by making and wearing homemade fabrics and goods, -
Stamp Act Congress
- 27 delagates representatives
- had dignified debate, then drew up statement of rights and grievances urging parliment to repeal the Stamp Act
- Ignored in Britian, had little effect in colonies, but step toward colonial unity
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Declaratory Act
-This act bound the colonies to Parliament "in all cases whatsoever," affirming Parliament's complete authority over them.
-Colonists wanted some self-government, Parliament would not grant- angered. -
Townshend Acts
-The most important of these acts was a light tax on goods such as tea, paint, glass, white lead and paper payable in American ports
-Part of tax paid for royal governors' salaries- colonists cherished right to control governors by suspending their salary
-Colonists somewhat angered, revived nonimportation agreements, but not as angered as they were by Stamp Act
-Smuggled tea for cheaper, smuggling increased -
Boston Massacre
Sixty colonists taunted ten redcoats, clubbing them and throwing rocks and snowballs, provoking them to open fire. Eleven "innocent" colonists were killed, including Crispus Attucks, the first killed. Though both sides were partially to blame, this incident was used in revolutionary propaganda (pictured) and fueled the colonists' anger -
Tea Act
This act allowed the East India Company to have monopoly over the merchants with tea because the tea act allowed them not to have to pay the tea tax. -
Coercive Acts "Intolerable Acts"
-Parliament passed acts to punish Massuchsetts, specifically Boston, for Tea Party.It closed the Boston Harbor to trade until damages were paid.
-Town Meetings were restricted
-Colonists were angered even further by this -
Quebec Act
Parliament passed act regarding French Canadians in territory from French and Indian War. -
First Continental Congress
Convention held in Philadelphia to discuss colonial grievances, what to do about them. 12 colonies were represented by 55 delegates. Drew up Declaration of Rights, wrote appeals to other British American colonies, King George III and the people of Britain. Petitions rejected. Also established The Association, banning all trade with Britain- import and export. Did not yet want independence -
Battle of Lexington
it was an attempt by the British to seize colonial gunpowder and capture Samuel Adams and John Hancock- leaders of rebellion. Colonial militia did not disperse quick enough- British opened fire. Eight colonists killed, several wounded. -
Battle of Conord
Took place right after Battle of Lexington. British attempted to seize colonial gunpowder, capture Samuel Adams and John Hancock- leaders of rebellion. Colonists were prepared after Lexington, hid behind walls and shot British, pushed back to Boston. Seventy British soldiers were killed, with 300 total British casualties. -
Second Continental Congress
All 13 colonies were represented at another convention to address American grievances. Made more appeals of grievances to the king. They sent an "Olive Branch" petition as well, affirming their loyalty and pledging for an and to hostilities. Although they did not yet seek independence, the congress decided to raise money for an army, appointing Washington as
its commander in chief in a contradictory move. -
Battle of Bunker Hill
Took place on Breeds Hill. The colonist were destroying the British until they ran out of gunpowder. even though they didnt win. the battle showed that americans had a chance, and a big morale boost for the colonist. -
The Signing of The Declaration of Independence
Fifty-six delegates to the Second Continental Congress in Philadelphia signed the United States Declaration of Independence, announcing that the thirteen American colonies then at war with Great Britain were now independent states.
