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Plessy v. Ferguson
The argument was brought up regarding discrimination and racial segregation. It was decided things could be, "separate but equal." This was later overruled by Brown v. Board of Education. -
NAACP
The National Association for the advancement of colored people was created to support civil rights movements for African Americans. Each chapter of the NAACP must ensure that civil rights are being supported and carried to the government. They provide awards to those who work hard to achieve rights for the African American community. -
Malcom X
Malcom X was an african American muslim minister. He became the face of the Nation of Islam in America. On February 21, 1965 Maclom X was assassinated shortly before giving a speech. -
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Martin Luther king Jr.
Martin Luther King Junior was a major civil rights leader. In 1963 he gave his famous "I have a dream speech" in Washington, D.C. On October 14, 1964 he recieved a nobel peace prize for promoting racial equality through non violence. He was later assassinated on April 4, 1968. Many riots broke out after his death. He posthumously recieved the presidential medal of Freedom. -
Sit-ins
SIt-ins were a very common, nonviolent form of protest used for civil rights. Many such as Rosa Parks or MLK jr. advocated for Sit-ins. Those who participated in such events were sometimes beaten, arrested, or even shot. -
Brown v. Board of Education
Plessy v. Ferguson had decided facilities could be separate but equal. Brown argued that the racial segregation had a negative effect on education. He won and school became desegregated, overturning Plessy v. Ferguson. -
Rosa Parks's protest
Rosa Parks was a civil rights activist who was asked to give up her seat to a white person. She declined, and was arrested. This started the Montgomery Bus Boycott and many others had been arrrested for reasons similar to hers. -
Montgomery Bus Boycott
African Americans were forced to ride in the back of the bus due to segregation. They made a political and social protest by not riding the bus. In Bowder v. Gayle, segregation of buses was declared unconstituional. -
SCLC
The Southern Christian leadership Conference is a civil rights goup, started by MLK jr. This was created shortly after the Montgomery Bus Boycott. The goal of the conference was to coordinate noviolent protests. -
Little Rock Nine
Nine African Americans were enrolled in Little Rock Central High School after Brown v. Education was passed. They were barred from entering. The National Guard had to escort them inside and protect them from the locals who protested desegregation. -
SNCC
The student nonviolent coordinating committee was made to peacefully protest discrimination and segregation. Many supporters joined in the north, but some were fearful to join in the south. It fell out of existance in the 1970's. -
Freedom Riders
African Americans who rode segregated buses were called the Freedom Riders. They faced arrest and beatings by white passengers on the bus. Many feared to ride, and those who did so were very brave. -
James Meredith
James Meredith was a civil rights writer and political figure. On October first, 1962 he was let in to the University of Mississippi which had just been desegregated. He was later shot in the back and the charges against his killer were dropped. -
Fanny Lou Hamer
On June 6, 1963 Fanny Lou Hamer was on her way back from Charlestown. When she stopped in WInona, she was savagely beaten by police for her support of civil rights. After her release, she still continued to vote despite this act of intimidation. -
Medgar Evers assassination
Medgar Evers was an African American civil rights activist who lived in Mississippi. He became part of the NAACP and was later killed by someone in the White citizen's council. This sparked many civil rights protests and media was focused on this. -
March on Washington
Largest political rally for human rights in United states History. African Americans were working to rid America of discrimination and allow for equal opportunity of employment. This is when MLK jr. gave his famous "I have a dream" speech. -
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Freedom Summer
Many civil rights activists tried to get as many African Americans as they could to vote. Many of those who showed up to vote or those organizing the voters were attacked or harrassed by locals in Mississippi. It helped break down some of the effects of the Jim Crow Laws. -
Civil Rights act of 1964
This legislation outlawed discrimination towards any minority. At first, the enforcement of these laws was weak, and some simply opposed them. The act was signed into action by President Lyndon B. Johnson. -
Voting Rights Act of 1965
This outlawed discriminatory voting acts. African Americans are now allowed to vote in elections in the United States. Many Republicans resisted the passing of this act. -
Black Panther Movement
Huey Newton Created the Black Panthers to protect African Americans from police brutality. They would carry around loaded shotguns in addition to wearing mostly black clothing. The Black Panthers tried to alleviate poverty and improve health in inner cities. -
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Thurgood Marshall
Thurgood Marshall was the first African American justice on the Supreme Court. He was the victorious lawyer in the Brown v. Board of Education trial. He was alsp appointed Chief Counsel of the NAACP.
