-
1820
SPAIN, PORTUGAL, GREECE
The liberal revolutions aimed to establish constitutional monarchies.
Greece gained its independence from the Turkish Ottoman Empire through a liberal and nationalist revolution. -
1830
FRANCE, BELGIUM
A liberal revolution established a constitutional monarchy.
Following a nationalist revolution, Belgium gained independence from the Netherlands, to wich it had been united by the Congress of Vienna. -
1848
FRANCE
AUSTRIA, GERMAN CONFEDERATION
Radical revolutions demanded democratic reforms. Most of them failed.
The revolution led to the proclamation of the Second Republic and the establishment of universal manhood suffrage.